Explain6 marks2026Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why many German people were opposed to the Treaty of Versailles.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
To what extent9 marks2026Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
To what extent was intimidation the main reason why Nazis were able to consolidate power in Germany, 1933β1934?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2026Q65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the treatment of Jewish people in Nazi Germany.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β is from an official document written by an SS officer in 1938.
This information is being sent following the attack on a German government official in Paris. Police chiefs are to immediately inform local Nazi leaders of these instructions. Synagogues are to be burned down, only if there is no danger of the fire affecting other buildings. Healthy male Jews are to be arrested and sent to concentration camps. However, foreign citizens must not be harassed or attacked as part of these actions. Jewish houses may also be destroyed.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
How fully6 marks2026Q66Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source B describe the role of women in Nazi Germany?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes the role of women in Nazi Germany.
During the 1920s, womenβs lives and rights had changed across Europe, including in Germany. However, many Nazis wanted to see an end to this. Loans were made available to encourage young women to find a husband. It also became more difficult to go to university, with only 10% of spaces available for women. Females were banned from working in roles such as judges and lawyers. However, by the end of the 1930s, there were more women who were in work because Germany had a labour shortage.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
Describe4 marks2025Q61Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe what happened during the Spartacist Revolt, 1919.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
the Spartacist revolt was sparked by the sacking of the police chief in Berlin
(around 100,000) workers attended a demonstration in Berlin organised by the Spartacists
armed Spartacists seized key buildings
some Spartacists went home after a lack of leadership
Ebert attempted to negotiate with the Spartacists
Defence Minister Noske deployed the army and Freikorps
the Spartacist revolt was brutally put down by the army and Freikorps
Explain6 marks2025Q62Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why there was discontent with the Weimar Republic, 1919β1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
coalition governments did not provide stable government, which reduced support for the Weimar Republic
Weimar was associated with Germanyβs defeat in the First World War
Weimar government was blamed for accepting the Versailles treaty, which was unpopular
many felt parliamentary democracy had been forced upon Germany by the Allies
Weimar governments seemed unable to stop political violence
Weimar was unpopular for failing to stop the Ruhr invasion
there was anger that the Weimar government allowed hyperinflation
Weimar governments seemed unable to deal with effects of the Great Depression
Nazi propaganda successfully portrayed Weimar governments as weak
Hitlerβs speeches stirred up opposition to the Weimar Republic
many supported extremist groups who opposed parliamentary democracy, for example, Communists, Nazis
misuse of Article 48 meant Weimar governments undermined democratic rule
Compare the views4 marks2025Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the coming to power of the National Socialists in 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the coming to power of the National Socialists in 1933.
The new German democratic system did not survive the interβwar period. President Paul Von Hindenburg was persuaded that the appointment of Hitler could help stabilise the country. Franz Von Papen of the Centre Party supported the appointment as he felt he could control Hitler. Many industrial leaders helped Hitler with funding as they believed he was the man who could keep out the Communists. Hitler was especially popular amongst the lower middle classes.
Source B
Von Papen had the mistaken belief that he could keep power in his own hands so backed Hitler as Chancellor. President Hindenburg was convinced by others to make Hitler Chancellor of Germany in order to provide strong government. Leading figures in industry provided finance for Hitler as they trusted he would take tough action against the Communists. Hitler was to remain in power until his death in 1945.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the coming to power of the National Socialists in 1933.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: President Paul Von Hindenburg was persuaded that the appointment of Hitler could help stabilise the country.
Source B: President Hindenburg was convinced by others to make Hitler Chancellor of Germany in order to provide strong government.
agree
Source A: Franz Von Papen of the Centre Party supported the appointment as he felt he could control Hitler.
Source B: Von Papen had the mistaken belief that he could keep power in his own hands so backed Hitler as Chancellor.
agree
Source A: Many industrial leaders helped Hitler with funding as they believed he was the man who could keep out the Communists.
Source B: Leading figures in industry provided finance for Hitler as they trusted he would take tough action against the Communists.
To what extent9 marks2025Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
To what extent did the churches provide the most effective opposition to the Nazis, 1933β1939?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point.
If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion (introduction, structure, conclusion with a valid judgement, and a reason in support of the judgement).
Churches
opposition was reduced by the agreement of the Concordat in which the church agreed not to criticise the Nazis
Bishop Galen preached sermons criticising the Nazis but was not punished because of his popularity
the Reich Church was created, which was loyal to the Nazi regime
individual preachers spoke out against the Nazis, for example, Niemoller, Bonhoeffer
some religious groups refused any co-operation with the Nazis, for example, Jehovahβs Witnesses
Communists
all political parties apart from the Nazis were banned which limited opposition
many communists were arrested (in 1933) and so only provided limited opposition
many communist leaders fled abroad which limited the effectiveness of the party in opposing the Nazis
individuals continued to make and distribute pamphlets and underground newspapers
Socialists
socialists were harassed by the Gestapo, limiting their effectiveness as opposition
party leaders who were exiled abroad, continued their opposition in Germany, for example, SoPaDe
socialists continued to organise industrial unrest
How fully6 marks2025Q65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source C describe youth movements and education in Nazi Germany?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes youth movements and education in Nazi Germany.
The Nazis aimed to make big changes in Germany. They saw young people as the future of the country. Any teacher who spoke out against the Nazis was sacked. In Biology, children were taught about the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of Jewish people. Girls were discouraged from going to university and between 1933 and 1939 the number of women in attendance dropped from 18,000 to fewer than 6000. Outside of school, boys learned military skills in the Hitler Youth.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Any teacher who spoke out against the Nazis was sacked. (Teachers lost their jobs if they were critical of the regime.)
In Biology, children were taught about the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of Jewish people. (Nazi racial theory was taught in schools.)
Girls were discouraged from going to university and between 1933 and 1939 the number of women in attendance dropped from 18,000 to fewer than 6000. (There was a fall in the number of girls going to university.)
Outside of school, boys learned military skills in the Hitler Youth. (In the Hitler Youth, boys were prepared for war.)
Points of significant omission
there was more PE in schools to encourage physical fitness
in History, children were taught that Jewish people were to blame for Germanyβs problems
boys joined the German Young People from 10β13
girls aged 10β14 joined the Young Maidens
girls were taught domestic skills
membership of Nazi youth organisations became compulsory
Describe4 marks2024Q61Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the economic problems which the Weimar Republic faced between 1919 and 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
Germany was left with huge debts from the war
Germany was given a reparations bill of Β£6.6 billion
lack of production in the Ruhr as a result of the French occupation
printing more money to pay striking workers contributed to hyperinflation
value of savings was eroded
hyperinflation caused huge problems for those on fixed incomes because their incomes became worthless
in the mid-1920s reliance on USA loans made the economy vulnerable
Compare the views4 marks2024Q62Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the formation and characteristics of the Weimar Republic.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the formation and characteristics of the Weimar Republic.
The new German republic was established at Weimar in 1919. Its new constitution was clear and easy to understand, strengthening the young democratic government. There were some sensible measures included. Many welcomed the inclusion of Article 48 that gave the President the power to take control in a crisis. Others were happy about Proportional Representation because they felt that the electoral system was very fair.
Source B
Sources A and B are about the formation and characteristics of the Weimar Republic.
A notable characteristic of the republic was Article 48 β but this was criticised for giving too much power to the President in a crisis. The constitution caused several problems for the new government, not least because it was confusing. People criticised the introduction of a proportional voting system because it allowed small anti-democratic parties into the Reichstag. Eventually, the Nazis were able to use their presence in the Reichstag to overturn the Weimar Constitution.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree about the formation and characteristics of the Weimar Republic.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source A: Its new constitution was clear and easy to understand, strengthening the young democratic government.
Source B: The constitution caused several problems for the new government, not least because it was confusing.
disagree
Source A: Many welcomed the inclusion of Article 48 that gave the President the power to take control in a crisis.
Source B: A notable characteristic of the Republic was Article 48 β but this was criticised for giving too much power to the President in a crisis.
disagree
Source A: Others were happy about Proportional Representation because they felt that the electoral system was very fair.
Source B: People criticised the introduction of a proportional voting system because it allowed small anti-democratic parties into the Reichstag.
Explain6 marks2024Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why Hitler and the Nazis appealed to many Germans up to 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
the Nazis offered strong leadership which appealed to people
many were attracted by Hitler's speeches
the strength of the Nazis contrasted with the weakness of the Weimar Republic
Nazi Party ideas appealed to those with memories of Imperial Germany
many agreed with Nazi criticism of the Treaty of Versailles
the wealthy were attracted to their anti-Communist stance
many were impressed by the appearance of the SA
Nazi propaganda succeeded in winning many over
many were impressed by the displays put on at the Nuremberg rallies
many were convinced by the promise to provide jobs
racists were attracted by anti-Semitic rhetoric
the promise to strengthen Germany's military was popular among many
How fully6 marks2024Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source C explain the reasons why the Nazis were able to intimidate many Germans between 1933 and 1939?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C explains the reasons why the Nazis were able to intimidate many Germans between 1933 and 1939.
Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January 1933, after which the Nazi Party consolidated its power. By burning books, they sent out a very clear message that opposing views were never acceptable. The public were terrified about telling anti-Nazi jokes as the penalties were so severe. People were pressured into supporting Nazi fundraising by having their name published in the newspaper if they didn't participate. First Dachau and then a number of other concentration camps were established to imprison opponents of the Nazi Government.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
By burning books, they sent out a very clear message that opposing views were never acceptable. (The Nazis made it clear to everyone that different views were not tolerated.)
The public were terrified about telling anti-Nazi jokes as the penalties were so severe. (Even private interactions were monitored.)
People were pressured into supporting Nazi fundraising by having their name published in the newspaper if they didn't participate. (People were compelled to join in Nazi charity fundraising.)
First Dachau and then a number of other concentration camps were established to imprison opponents of the Nazi Government. (Many were imprisoned in camps in which they were treated badly.)
Points of significant omission
the public were frightened that they would be taken away by the Gestapo
the Gestapo encouraged people to denounce others, which was intimidating
Hitler Youth leaders encouraged young people to report non-conformity which frightened people
banning and demonising other parties scared people off political opposition
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2024Q65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source D as evidence of youth movements and education in Nazi Germany.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D β is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2011.
Once they were in power, the Nazis introduced a series of policies which impacted on daily life in Germany. From 1933, Biology was seen as a very important subject, with German children being taught that they belonged to a master race of Aryans. Teachers instructed students that ethnic minorities were inferior, especially groups such as Jews and Slavs. During the Nazi era, pupils were also taught Nazi ideas in their youth organisations.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: a modern historian β Useful as they are a well-informed expert on youth movements and education in Nazi Germany.
Type of Source: textbook β Useful as it is likely to have been thoroughly researched about youth movements and education.
Purpose: to inform β Useful as it is intended to give detailed information about the youth movements and education.
Timing: 2011 β Useful as written with the benefit of hindsight.
Content
From 1933, Biology was seen as a very important subject, with German children being taught that they belonged to a master race of Aryans. (Useful because it is accurate (Nazi racial theory was taught in schools).)
Teachers instructed students that ethnic minorities were inferior, especially groups such as Jews and Slavs. (Useful because it is accurate (Jews and Slavs were categorised as inferior races).)
During the Nazi era, pupils were also taught Nazi ideas in their youth organisations. (Useful because it is accurate (young people were taught Nazi ideas).)
Points of significant omission
humiliation of Jewish children in schools
all teachers had to join the Nazi Teachers Association
in the Hitler Youth boys were prepared for war
in the League of German Maidens girls were taught domestic skills
How fully6 marks2023Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source A describe the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A describes the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
In May 1919 the terms of the Treaty were presented to a horrified German delegation. There was resentment in Germany in particular to Article 231, the βWar Guiltβ clause. The Rhineland was to become a demilitarised zone to act as a buffer between France and Germany. Some terms were resented much more than others. The Anschluss (union with Austria) was forbidden by Article 80 of the Treaty. All of Germanyβs colonies were to be handed over to the Allies as decided by the League of Nations.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
There was resentment in Germany in particular to Article 231, the βwar guiltβ clause. (Germany was blamed for starting the war.)
The Rhineland was to become a demilitarized zone to act as a buffer between France and Germany. (Germany was not allowed to have any military presence in the Rhineland.)
The Anschluss (union with Austria) was forbidden by Article 80 of the Treaty. (Germany was not allowed to unite with Austria.)
All of Germanyβs colonies were to be handed over to the Allies as decided by the League of Nations. (Germany lost all of its overseas colonies.)
Points of significant omission
Saar coalfields were to be controlled by France
Germanyβs army was limited to 100,000 men
the Navy was restricted, for example, six battleships, no submarines
Germany was to have no military aircraft
Germany was to pay reparations, which were set in 1921
Germany lost land to other countries in Europe, for example Denmark, France, Poland
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2023Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of the reasons why the Nazis appealed to Germans up to 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B β from an election leaflet produced by the Nazi Party in 1929
Source B is from an election leaflet produced by the Nazi Party in 1929.
What have your Weimar political parties done for you? They made weak coalitions that soon collapsed leaving Germany without leadership. Remember when inflation robbed you of your savings and businesses? Middle class voters, the Communist Party is a threat to your livelihood, join us in fighting it wherever it is to be found. Farmers and workers, for a long time you have believed that obeying law and order was the first duty of the citizen. Now, you should look after yourselves. Vote National Socialist!
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspect of the source
Author: the Nazi Party (Useful as it is a first-hand account of Nazi policies.)
Type of Source: leaflet (Useful as this would have been widely distributed throughout Germany.)
Purpose: to persuade (Useful as it shows how the Nazis appealed to Germans.)
Timing: 1929 (Useful as it was written at the time support was growing for the Nazis.)
Content
They made weak coalitions that soon collapsed leaving Germany without leadership. (Useful because it is accurate (Germans were dissatisfied with weak coalitions).)
Remember when inflation robbed you of your savings and businesses? (Useful because it is accurate (middle classes suffered during the hyperinflation crisis).)
Middle class voters, the Communist Party is a threat to your livelihood, join us in fighting it wherever it is to be found. (Useful because it is accurate (the Nazis promised to defend Germany from Communism which attracted lots of support).)
Points of significant omission
appeal of Hitler as a strong leader
Nazi promises appealed to a wide variety of Germans
the Nazis held large public meetings and rallies which enthused people
Explain6 marks2023Q65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why Jews and other minorities were treated so badly in Nazi Germany, 1933β1939.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas. These should be key reasons but there is no need for any evaluation or prioritising of these reasons.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
Jews were denied access to professional jobs so they could not earn a living
Jews were denied access to education, affecting their opportunities
Jews were subjected to violence and intimidation, for example, Kristallnacht
Jews were blamed for adverse events, for example, defeat in the First World War
Jews were imprisoned and sent to concentration camps
Nazi racial ideas meant minority groups were treated badly, for example, Roma, Sinti
Nazi ideas on science meant people with disabilities were treated badly for example, sterilisation, euthanasia
religious groups who would not cooperate with the Nazis were persecuted, for example, Jehovahβs Witnesses
homosexuals were persecuted by the Nazi Government, for example, imprisonment
Germans from ethnic minorities were excluded from certain jobs and education, denying them βopportunitiesβ
To what extent9 marks2023Q66(a)Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How successful were the Nazis in controlling youth movements and education up to 1939?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
Hitler Youth
some children loved Hitler Youth activities, for example, outdoor activities
some Hitler Youth members fully embraced Nazi ideals, for example, antisemitism
some children informed the Gestapo against their families
reinforced belief in traditional values, for example, girls would do activities focussed on their role as future mothers, BDM
lack of enthusiasm meant attendance at Hitler Youth had to be made compulsory
Opposition
some children acted against the Nazi regime, for example, the Edelweiss Pirates
the Nazis were unable to indoctrinate all young people in Germany as parents taught different values
some children passively resisted, for example, listening to American music
Education
all teachers had to join the Nazi Teachers League and indoctrinate young people in Nazi ideas
girls were taught Nazi beliefs on housewife roles, for example, Kinder, Kirche, KΓΌcher
boys were conditioned to prepare for war through instruction on military training
some children were bored by/rejected the Nazi curriculum
To what extent9 marks2023Q66(b)Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How important was violence and intimidation as a reason why the Nazis were able to consolidate their power up to 1934?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
Violence and intimidation
political opponents were intimidated, for example, the 1933 March election
concentration camp opened for political prisoners, for example, Dachau
Gestapo established in April 1933
Use of emergency powers
Night of the Long Knives eliminated opposition from SA
Emergency Decrees passed (in February 1933 after the Reichstag Fire) suspended rights
Enabling Act passed (in March 1933) which gave emergency powers to the government
outlawing of other parties eliminated opposition, for example, the Communists
Propaganda
Ministry of Information and Propaganda controlled all media
Wider appeal
many voted in favour of Hitler combining the offices of President and Chancellor, for example, 90% voted in favour
the army swore an oath of loyalty to Hitler
Nazi promises were popular with many Germans, for example, unemployment
Describe4 marks2022Q61Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
To what extent9 marks2022Q62Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
To what extent was discontent against the Weimar Republic the most important reason for the rise to power of the Nazis up to January 1933?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Discontent against the Weimar Republic
Weimar was blamed for defeat in the war
resentment that Weimar accepted the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
lack of popular support for the new form of democratic government after 1918
coalition governments didnβt seem to govern effectively
dissatisfaction with failure to solve Weimarβs early economic problems
lost support due to the mishandling of the economic problems of the Great Depression
Appeal of the Nazis
promises by the Nazis, for example, to restore German pride, give people jobs, destroy Treaty of Versailles
Nazi propaganda made the Party stand out from all other parties, for example, Swastika, smart brown uniforms, cinema, radio
the Nazis gave the German people a scapegoat for all their problems in the Jews and Communists
Fear of Communism
many thought only Hitler and the Nazis could stop the Communists
Hitlerβs leadership
Hitler was a compelling and charismatic speaker
Hitler was perceived as a dynamic leader, who campaigned using modern methods, for example, used an aeroplane to campaign
Compare the views4 marks2022Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the importance of the Reichstag fire, 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the importance of the Reichstag fire, 1933.
On 27 February the Reichstag building caught fire. The Reichstag fire helped to boost Nazi popularity among the German public. This crime was blamed on the Communists and Hitler was able to take very tough action against them. The day after the fire President Hindenburg signed the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State, which gave many new powers to the Nazi Government.
Source B
The Reichstag fire helped the Nazis to increase their share of votes and seats in the election of March 1933. A Dutch Communist, Marinus van der Lubbe, was quickly identified as the man responsible. However, some people claimed that the Nazis had set the fire themselves. The so-called Reichstag fire law moved Germany ever closer to dictatorship by allowing the Nazis to censor newspapers and limit meetings.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the importance of the Reichstag fire.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: The Reichstag fire helped to boost Nazi popularity among the German public.
Source B: The Reichstag fire helped the Nazis to increase their share of votes and seats in the election of March 1933.
agree
Source A: This crime was blamed on the Communists.
Source B: A Dutch Communist, Marinus van der Lubbe, was quickly identified as the man responsible.
agree
Source A: The day after the fire President Hindenburg signed the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State, which gave many new powers to the Nazi Government.
Source B: The so-called Reichstag fire law moved Germany ever closer to dictatorship by allowing the Nazis to censor newspapers and limit meetings.
Explain6 marks2022Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why many Germans did not oppose the Nazis, 1933β1939.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
many Germans credited the Nazis with resolving economic problems
Hitler was viewed as a great leader who had restored German pride
political opposition was difficult after the banning of other political parties
people worried they could be arrested by the Gestapo
press censorship made it difficult for Germans to read any criticism of Hitler or the Nazis
the Night of the Long Knives showed the deadly consequences of opposition
Nazi propaganda helped maintain support for the regime
many Germans supported Nazi policies, for example, harsh treatment of minority groups
How fully6 marks2022Q65(a)Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source C describe the Nuremberg rallies?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes the Nuremberg rallies.
Nuremberg is the second largest city in the state of Bavaria. The Nuremberg rallies were usually held in late August or early September and lasted several days. They were designed by Albert Speer who used lighting to create an effect similar to todayβs pop concerts. Music by the great German composer Wagner was played. Torchlit processions at night created an amazing spectacle. The city of Nuremberg was used for the trials of Nazi war criminals after the Second World War.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
The Nuremberg rallies were usually held in late August or early September and lasted several days. (Rallies were usually held in August/September lasting several days.)
They were designed by Albert Speer who used lighting to create an effect similar to todayβs pop concerts. (The rallies were designed by Albert Speer using modern lighting techniques.)
Music by the great German composer Wagner was played. (Music by Wagner was played at the rallies.)
Torchlit processions at night created an amazing spectacle. (Rallies featured spectacular torchlit processions.)
Points of significant omission
Hitler made a speech each year
hundreds of thousands of party members/spectators attended
Nazi brownshirts marched in formation at the rallies
Nazi symbols were displayed prominently
members of Hitler youth groups attended
rallies were filmed and later shown in cinemas all over Germany
How fully6 marks2022Q65(b)Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source D describe the treatment of Jews and other minority groups?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D
Source D describes the treatment of Jews and other minority groups.
The 1930s were a nightmare time for Germans who were Jews and other minority groups. Jews were hounded from their jobs, businesses and homes. Anti-semitism had always been part of the Nazi programme but once in power they stepped up their activities. Crude racial propaganda presented Jews as a threat to the pure German nation. Soon, Jews were being banned from social clubs and schools. Some religious leaders tried to speak up for minority groups. Bishop Galen attacked the Nazis for killing patients in clinics and homes for the mentally ill.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Jews were hounded from their jobs, businesses and homes. (Shows that Jewish people lost their livelihoods and houses.)
Crude racial propaganda presented Jews as a threat to the pure German nation. (Shows that the Nazis scapegoated the Jewish people.)
Soon, Jews were being banned from social clubs and schools. (Shows that Jewish people were excluded from normal life.)
Bishop Galen attacked the Nazis for killing patients in clinics and homes for the mentally ill. (Shows that the Nazis killed vulnerable people.)
Points of significant omission
the Nazis organised boycotts of Jewish shops
Jews were beaten up on streets
Nazi violence and destruction on βKristallnachtβ, 1938
the Nuremburg Laws were passed in 1935 for example, discriminating against Jews, Roma, Sinti
religious groups like the Jehovahβs Witnesses were offered forced conversions to mainstream Christianity
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2021Q61Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the events of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β from a textbook written by a modern historian in 1999
Source A is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 1999.
Outside the Beer Hall a shot was fired and in the next instant many shots rang out from both sides. Hitler's meetings were usually very well attended because of his public speaking skills. More shooting started after which 16 Nazis and 3 policemen lay dead or dying on the streets of Munich and many more were wounded. Several Nazis fled the scene, including Hitler. However, the Nazi Party would recover to challenge the authorities again.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspects of the source
Author (modern historian): Useful as they are a well-informed expert.
Type of Source (textbook): Useful because the issue will have been researched thoroughly.
Purpose (to inform): Useful as it provides detailed information of Hitler's role in the Beer Hall Putsch.
Timing (1999): Useful as it has the benefit of hindsight.
Content
Outside the beer hall a shot was fired and in the next instant many shots rang out from both sides. (Useful as it is accurate (shots were fired).)
Mass shooting started after which 16 Nazis and 3 policemen lay dead or dying on the streets of Munich and many more were wounded. (Useful as it is accurate (there were several casualties).)
Several Nazis fled the scene quickly including Hitler who suffered an injury when he fell to the ground. (Useful as it is accurate (Hitler did try to escape).)
Points of significant omission
Hitler and the SA interrupted a meeting of Bavarian politicians, including Kahr, in the Beer Hall threatening violence
Kahr, General Jon Lossow and Colonel von Seisser were forced to publicly announce their support for the Nazi's
when Hitler left the Beer Hall, Ludendorff allowed the politicians to go free but they immediately alerted the police and army
How fully6 marks2021Q62Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source B explain the reasons why the German people were unhappy with the Weimar Republic?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B explains the reasons why the German people were unhappy with the Weimar Republic.
The Weimar Republic's Proportional Representation voting system was fair and democratic. However it confused people who were not used to voting in this way. Proportional Representation produced coalitions which meant people never got the party policies they wanted because different parties shared power. Many important Germans remained loyal to 'Old Germany' and did not see why the government should be handed over to people they believed incapable of governing. Many working class Germans did not like the new system that allowed the wealthier classes to keep most of the power.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
(Proportional Representation voting system) confused people who were not used to voting in this way
Proportional Representation produced coalitions which meant people never got the party policies they wanted because different parties shared power
many important Germans remained loyal to 'Old Germany' and did not see why the government should be handed over to people they believed incapable of governing
many working class Germans did not like the new system that allowed the wealthier classes to keep most of the power.
Points of significant omission
German army officers claimed Germany lost the war because of the Weimar politicians. They believed Germany had been 'stabbed in the back' by enemies like the SPD
firing on the Spartacists angered the German people
many Germans blamed the Government for the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles
the Government were blamed for hyperinflation
Weimar politicians were criticized for high unemployment
Weimar was unpopular because they were seen as being incapable of dealing with crimes and riots/seemed unable to deal with political violence.
Describe4 marks2021Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the events of the Reichstag fire in February 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
a Dutch communist, called Van der Lubbe, was found in the building so the Nazis blamed communists for the fire giving the Nazis more support
Hindenburg declared a state of emergency using Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution allowing the Nazi Party to use the law to get rid of opposition.
the Nazis expelled the communists from Parliament and imprisoned many leaders leaving many opposition parties without leaders
newspapers were censored and letters and phone calls being checked which hindered opposition to the Nazis
the Nazis used propaganda to spread the 'dangers' of the communists, creating more support for the Nazis
the Reichstag fire was so beneficial to the Nazis that it has been suggested they started it themselves
in the election of 5 March 1933, increasing their share of the vote from 33 per cent to 44 per cent.
Explain6 marks2021Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why there was so little organised opposition to the Nazis between 1933 and 1939.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
communists and socialists refused to cooperate with each other
communist and socialist opposition leaders were arrested, killed or sent to concentration camps
many communist and socialist leaders fled Germany
all other political parties and trade unions were banned
communist and socialist groups had to meet in secret
many Germans informed on opposition groups to the Gestapo and SS
opposition groups such as the Edelweiss Pirates and Navaho were disorganised
most church groups agreed to co-operate with the Nazis
outspoken individuals (for example, Pastor Neimoller) were sent to concentration camps
the Concordat between Rome and the Nazis in July 1933 worked well initially.
Compare the views4 marks2021Q65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources C and D about the economic policies of the Nazis.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Sources C and D are about the economic policies of the Nazis.
By 1939 the number of unemployed dropped from 6 million to almost nothing thanks to Nazi job creation schemes. Under the German Labour Front workers were grateful for regular wages and job security. It was almost impossible to be sacked. German workers had frequent breaks and regular working hours. Workers were contented because they had access to more leisure time than they had previously enjoyed during the Weimar regime.
Source D
By 1939 unemployment in Nazi Germany had fallen due to the sacking of anti-Nazis, Jews and women from the workforce. German workers were unhappy because they were working longer hours so they had little spare time left for hobbies or spending with family. Workers complained that wages did not increase despite the rising costs of living. However there were no recorded strikes in Nazi Germany.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree about the economic policies.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source C: By 1939 the number of unemployed dropped from six million to almost nothing thanks to Nazi job creation schemes.
Source D: by 1939 unemployment had fallen due to the sacking of anti-Nazis, Jews and women from the workforce.
disagree
Source C: Under the German Labour Front workers were grateful for regular wages and job security.
Source D: Workers complained that wages did not increase despite the rising costs of living.
disagree
Source C: Workers were contented because they had access to more leisure time than they had previously enjoyed during the Weimar regime.
Source D: German workers were unhappy because they were working longer hours, so they had little spare time left for hobbies or spending with family.
Describe4 marks2019 specimenQ61Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the events of the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of relevant, factual points. These should be key points. These do not have to be in any particular order.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge. A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
Von Kahr, Governor of Bavaria, was making a speech at a meeting in a Munich beer hall
Nazi SA men surrounded the building
Hitler burst into the hall and ordered three Bavarian leaders, Von Kahr, Von Seisser and Von Lossow into a private/side room
Hitler claimed they had agreed to support him/announced a national revolution had begun
Ludendorff let the Bavarian leaders go once they had promised their support
once free the Bavarian leaders withdrew their support and ordered the putsch to be crushed
next day Hitler marched in centre of Munich with several thousand Nazis
police blocked their way and shooting broke out and a number of Nazis and policemen were killed.
To what extent9 marks2019 specimenQ62Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
To what extent was discontent with the Weimar Republic the main reason for the Nazi rise to power by January 1933?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce, then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point (but one mark should be deducted if the correct process is not clear in at least two factors). If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge. A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
Up to 4 marks should be awarded for presenting the answer in a structured way, leading to a conclusion which addresses the question: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement (or overall summary), 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Weimar Republic
blamed for signing the hated Treaty of Versailles (November Criminals) and its harsh terms
criticised for the voting system, proportional representation, which produced weak coalition governments
unpopular as coalition governments lacked authority/seemed unable to solve problems facing Germany
blamed for economic hardships such as hyperinflation, the Wall Street Crash and mass unemployment.
Appeal of Hitler
Hitler appeared to offer strong, decisive leadership
Hitler was an outstanding orator who inspired people
had a clear, simple message which appealed to many people.
Nazi Policies
Nazis seemed to offer something to most groups/classes in Germany, such as jobs for the unemployed, crush Communism, remilitarisation, destroy Treaty of Versailles
promised to restore order to Germany after chaos of the Weimar period.
Nazi propaganda
Nazi use of propaganda eg posters, Nazi newspapers gained widespread support
held large public meetings, parades, eg Nuremberg, which excited and impressed people
use of SA to impress people/well-disciplined in times of chaos.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2019Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the effects of hyperinflation on Germany.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β from the diary of a Berliner and was written in 1923
Source A is from the diary of a Berliner and was written in 1923.
Lingering at the shop window was a luxury because shopping had to be done immediately. Even an additional minute meant an increase in price. You had to buy quickly because a rabbit, for example, might cost two million marks more by the time it took to walk into the shop. A few million marks meant nothing, really. The money needed to buy the smallest item had long since become too heavy for trouser pockets. People had to cart their money around in wagons and knapsacks.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Points from the source
Author: a Berliner. An eyewitness making the source a first-hand account making it more useful.
Type of Source: a diary. This makes the source more useful as it is an honest personal recollection of events of hyperinflation on Germany.
Purpose: to inform readers. To record his thoughts and feelings about the terrible conditions in Germany during the hyperinflation, making it useful a private account likely to be useful.
Timing: 1923. Useful as it was written during the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany.
Content: Lingering at the shop window was a luxury because shopping had to be done immediately/even an additional minute meant an increase in price. More useful as it is accurate.
Content: A rabbit, for example, might cost two million marks more by the time it took to walk into the shop/A few million marks meant nothing, really. More useful as it is accurate.
Content: People had to cart their money around in wagons and knapsacks. More useful as it is accurate.
Points of significant omission
some people made fortunes during the crisis/benefitted financially during the crisis
people on wages were safe, because they renegotiated their wages every day
pensioners on fixed incomes and people with savings were the most badly hit
hardships created by hyperinflation led to many uprisings as groups struggled to take power from Weimar
Compare the views4 marks2019 specimenQ63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources A and B about Nazi views on race. (Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the Nazi views on race.
The Nazi theory of racial superiority was not original even though Hitler had stated, in Mein Kampf, that differences between the races was a matter of scientific fact. There could be no argument that the Aryan people of northern Europe were superior in every way. This was not just a matter of physical superiority but also of intellectual strength. It was logical that superior people like this should be in control of all other races.
Source B
The stereotype of the blond haired and blue-eyed warrior took a powerful hold on many young Germans who were taught that the Aryans of Germany and Scandinavia were the Master Race. According to Nazi propaganda, which continually stressed the importance of βpure bloodβ, biological research had shown that there was a distinction between races. This gave these superior races the authority to rule over the peoples of the world.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must interpret the evidence and make direct comparisons between sources. Candidates are expected to compare content directly on a point-by-point basis. They may compare the details in the sources and/or compare the viewpoints overall.
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark. A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the Nazi ideas on race.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: ...differences between the races was a matter of scientific fact.
Source B: ...biological research had shown that there was a distinction between races.
agree
Source A: ...Aryan people of northern Europe were superior in every way.
Source B: ...Aryans of Germany and Scandinavia were the Master Race.
agree
Source A: It was logical that superior people like this should be in control of all other races.
Source B: This gave these superior races the authority to rule over the peoples of the world.
To what extent9 marks2019Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
To what extent was the appeal of Nazi promises the main reason for their rise to power by 1933?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded.
Up to 4 marks should be awarded for presenting the answer in a structured way, leading to a conclusion: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for a structured answer, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Appeal of the Nazis/(Nazi policies)
promises by the Nazis to restore German pride/give people jobs/destroy Treaty of Versailles
Nazis skilful use of propaganda meant their message was clear β this struck a chord with many people
the SA both attracted support due to their appearance and intimidated opposition
the Nazis gave the German people a scapegoat for all their problems (the Jews and the Communists)
Discontent with Weimar
Weimar was blamed for accepting the hated terms of the Treaty of Versailles/blamed for defeat in the war βNovember Criminalsβ
lack of popular support for the new form of government after 1918/arguably Germany was too democratic
dissatisfaction with failure to solve Weimar's economic problems (for example Hyperinflation)
criticised for over-reliance on foreign investment which left the Weimar economy subject to the fluctuations of the international economy
lost support due to the mishandling of the economic problems of the Great Depression of the 1930s β arguably without this the Republic might have survived
Fear of Communism
the drift to extremes led to a fear of Communism, which grew alongside the growth of support for the Nazis
Hitler himself
Hitler was perceived as a young, dynamic leader, who campaigned using modern methods and was a charismatic speaker
Explain6 marks2019 specimenQ64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why it was so difficult to oppose the Nazi Government after 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas. These should be key reasons but there is no need for any evaluation or prioritising of these reasons.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
fear of the Nazi regime/intimidation by the SS deterred opposition
opposition groups often infiltrated by Gestapo/spies leading to their arrest
opponents scared by brutal treatment/hanging of opponents
opposition leaders were arrested and sent to concentration camps/outspoken individuals eg Bonhoeffer, Niemoller were arrested and sent to camps which weakened opposition groups
many opponents of the Nazis fearful for their lives fled abroad
opposition groups had to meet in secret, making meetings difficult/dangerous
all other political parties/trade unions were banned
little cooperation between the opposition groups as they didnβt trust each other
Nazi control of the media made it difficult for opponents to publicise their views
Nazi propaganda brainwashed people into supporting the Nazis
there was widespread support for the Nazis and most Germans were impressed as Hitler was a strong leader/solving Germanyβs problems
Nazi control of the courts meant opponents were harshly punished.
How fully6 marks2019Q65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source B describe how minority groups were treated in Nazi Germany?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B is about the treatment of minority groups in Nazi Germany.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that they owe allegiance only to God. As a result, it was impossible for those living in Nazi Germany to swear an oath of allegiance to Hitler. Most also refused to serve in the German Army because they were pacifists. The Nazis gave Jehovah's Witnesses the opportunity to convert to mainstream Christianity. Some were tortured to make them sign a declaration renouncing their faith. However, very few did this. Therefore, they were sent to concentration camps. They wore purple triangles and were kept separate from other prisoners.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates should be given up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source that support their judgement.
Candidates should be given up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Jehovah's Witnesses were given the opportunity to convert to mainstream Christianity
some were tortured to make them sign a declaration renouncing their faith
they were sent to concentration camps
they wore purple triangles and were kept separate from other prisoners
Points of significant omission
Jews were forced out of jobs (for example civil service)/boycotts of Jewish shops
the Nuremburg Laws were passed in 1935 (discriminating against Jews/Roma/Sinti - Gypsies)
Jews beaten up on streets/separate park benches for Jews
Jews banned from state schools/cinemas/public places.
Sterilisation programme against black people/physically disabled/people with hereditary diseases/deaf people.
Euthanasia programme; killing disabled and mentally ill
How fully6 marks2019 specimenQ65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source C describe the changes to education in Nazi Germany? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C is about changes to education in Nazi Germany.
There were many changes at school. Some were barely noticed, others were introduced as though with a great fanfare of trumpets. None questioned the introduction of new Nazi textbooks. In line with National Socialist education policies, the number of PE periods was increased at the expense of religious education. When competitive field games were added to the curriculum our teacher spelled it out to us, βIt is what the FΓΌhrer wants for youβ. At the start of class we had to raise our arms in the βHeil Hitler!β salute.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description or explanation of a given event or development.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement. Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
the introduction of new Nazi textbooks
the number of PE periods was increased at the expense of religious education
competitive field games were added to curriculum
at the start of class, we had to raise our arms in the βHeil Hitler!β salute.
Points of significant omission
indoctrination of Nazi ideas eg anti-Semitism/militarism
biology was used to βproveβ the Nazi belief in racial superiority /introduction of new subjects such as Racial Science/Eugenics
for girls emphasis on βfemaleβ subjects (Kinder, Kirche, Kuche)
all teachers had to join the Nazi Teachersβ League/teachers suspected of being disloyal to the Party were arrested/pictures of Hitler/Swastika flag in classrooms
Jewish children were humiliated/from 1938 only allowed to attend Jewish schools.
Explain6 marks2019Q66Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why youth movements were so important to the Nazi State.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
children were more susceptible to brainwashing/more likely to believe Nazi propaganda/vulnerable to ideological manipulation
boys were trained in military techniques to become future soldiers
boys were taught the importance of following orders/discipline
girls were trained to be good wives and mothers/had responsibility for nurturing future Nazis
the young made good informants β on βAnti-Naziβ adults, parents neighbours, teachers etc
youth movements also proved useful for Party fundraising (uniformed members seemed to be at every corner with cans emblazoned with Swastikas β this was especially true for the annual winter fund drive)
youth movements designed to promote physical excellence
Describe4 marks2018Q61Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the events of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch in 1923.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or a combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
(on the night of 8 November 1923) Hitler and 600 supporters burst into a political meeting at the local Beer Hall
Hitler stood on a chair and fired a shot in the air and announced a revolution had begun/made an impassioned speech and gained support of those in hall
Hitler forced the Bavarian leaders present to agree to rebel
Ludendorff then let them go home and they ordered the army/police to end the rebellion
the next day (9 November 1923) Hitler and his Nazis went into Munich on what they thought would be a triumphal march to take power
police and army reinforcements blocked the path of the rebels
16 Nazis and 4 policemen were killed in an exchange of gunfire
Hitler was injured and fled/was arrested two days later.
Explain6 marks2018Q62Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why support for the Nazis grew by January 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or a combination of these).
Possible reasons
Versailles was very unpopular in Germany and Hitler's promise to ignore/tear it up got him a lot of support
Germans were disgusted by a series of weak, short-lived coalitions so they supported Hitler who seemed a strong and determined leader
opponents of the Nazis were not united so there was no one who was prepared or able to fight to stop Hitler
Hitler's promises to end unemployment were very popular
people wanted someone to blame, and looked to extreme solutions β Hitler offered them both, and Nazi success in the elections grew
the financial support of wealthy businessmen gave Hitler the money to run his propaganda and election campaigns
Nazi propaganda persuaded the German masses to believe that Hitler was their last hope
Hitler promised everybody something so the Nazis had widespread appeal
parades of uniformed SA/Brownshirts impressed Germans/led to many young men joining the Nazis
Hitler was a brilliant speaker/he was a good organiser and politician (his self-belief persuaded people to believe in him)
failure of Weimar to deal with economic problems (eg hyperinflation/Great Depression) helped to create support for the Nazis.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2018Q63Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a textbook written by modern historians, published in 2000.
The murder of a Nazi diplomat in Paris on 7th November 1938 by a Jew sparked an episode of violent persecution in Germany. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels encouraged an attack on Jewish shops, homes and synagogues. This became known as Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) because of all the glass strewn across the pavements and streets of German towns and cities. Around 100 Jews were murdered during the violence. A further 20,000 were sent to concentration camps. After Kristallnacht the Nazis introduced new measures to persecute the Jews.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author
Historians β Useful as they are well-informed experts.
Type of source
Textbook β Useful because it will have researched the issue thoroughly.
Purpose
To inform β Useful as it provides detailed information/less useful as it only refers to Kristallnacht.
Timing
2000 β Useful as it is a written with the benefit of hindsight.
Content
attacks on Jewish shops, homes and synagogues β Useful as it is accurate (many Jewish shops and businesses were destroyed or looted).
100 Jews were murdered β Useful as it is accurate (many Jews were killed).
20,000 sent to concentration camps β Useful as it is accurate (many Jews were sent to camps).
Points of significant omission
Jews were forced out of jobs (eg civil service)/boycotts of Jewish shops
the Nuremburg Laws were passed in 1935 (eg Jews no longer allowed to be German citizens/Jews not allowed to have sexual relationships with non-Jews/Jews not allowed to marry non-Jews)
Jews beaten up on streets/separate park benches for Jews
Jews banned from state schools/cinemas/public places.
How fully6 marks2018Q64Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source B describe opposition in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes opposition in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939.
Some workers protested by refusing to give Nazi salutes. Others rebelled by not turning up for work at all. Some even damaged factory machinery or equipment. In 1939 one factory worker, Georg Elser, was so angered by the lack of workers' rights that he planted a bomb in a hall where Hitler was scheduled to speak. Elser's timing was perfect; however Hitler had finished his speech several minutes early and was no longer on the stage by the time the bomb detonated.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates should be given up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source that support their judgement.
Candidates should be given up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
some workers protested by refusing to give Nazi salutes
others rebelled by not turning up for work at all
some even damaged factory machinery or equipment
one worker planted a bomb in a Munich beer hall where Hitler was scheduled to speak
Points of significant omission
anti-Nazi activity among some urban youth groups (eg βEdelweiss Piratesβ who sang insulting parodies of Hitler Youth anthems and sometimes beat up members/the Pirates also engaged in petty resistance, such as vandalism of Nazi propaganda or buildings)
university halls and campuses were notable sources of anti-government criticism and protest
Christian churches (both Catholic and Protestant) opposed the imposition of Nazi ideology on German life (eg the Confessional Church was formed by Martin NiemΓΆller in 1934 with 6,000 ministers)
some in the military despised Hitler and there were occasional plots and discussions about removing him from power
many SPD members went βundergroundβ, forming a resistance group called Roter Strosstrupp (βRed Strike Troopsβ)/by late 1933 this group had around 3,000 members
following the Reichstag fire (more than 30,000) KPD members continued with underground resistance.
Compare the views4 marks2018Q65Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources C and D on attitudes towards youth organisations for girls in Nazi Germany. (Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Sources C and D are about attitudes towards youth organisations for girls in Nazi Germany.
There were separate organisations for boys and girls. For girls, the organisation prepared them for motherhood which most accepted. Girls, at the age of 10, joined the League of Young Maidens. Girls had to run 60 metres in 14 seconds, throw a ball 12 metres, know how to somersault and they enjoyed the competitiveness. When they turned 14, they had lessons on sewing and cooking which most found very useful.
Source D
Girls aged 10-14 years joined the Young Maidens where they were taught how to become good mothers but many resented this. Compulsory route marches and swimming contests were disliked by many girls. Between the ages of 14 and 21, they joined the League of German Maidens where they were further prepared for their roles as the mothers of future Germans. There were also classes on needlework and housework which many considered unnecessary.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall the sources disagree about attitudes towards youth organisations for girls in Nazi Germany.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source C: For girls, the organisation prepared them for motherhood which most accepted.
Source D: Girls (aged 10-14 years) joined the Young Maidens where they were taught how to become good mothers but many resented this.
disagree
Source C: Girls had to run 60 metres in 14, seconds/throw a ball 12 metres/know how to somersault and they enjoyed the competitiveness.
Source D: Compulsory route marches and swimming contests were disliked by many girls.
disagree
Source C: When they turned 14, they had lessons on sewing and cooking which most found very useful.
Source D: There were also classes on needlework and housework which many considered unnecessary.
Describe5 marks2017Q48β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the appeal of Adolf Hitler to many Germans between 1929 and 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these.
Possible points of knowledge
Hitlerβs oratory skills (his ability to put into words the frustrations of millions of Germans)
Hitler gave people somebody to blame for their problems: Communists, Jews, etc
Hitler promised something for everyone/claimed he was the only person who could create jobs and end Depression
to a worried middle-class Hitler looked like the only person willing to take on the Communists
the SA Brownshirts seemed well organised and disciplined/made Hitler look like a strong leader
Hitlerβs uncompromising stance against the Treaty of Versailles/the Weimar Republic
Hitlerβs genius at propaganda (eg uniforms, Swastika etc) made him and Nazis stand out from other political parties/clear simple message that appealed to many
Compare the views4 marks2017Q49β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the events of the Night of the Long Knives.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.
On the night of 29β30 June, units of the SS arrested the leaders of the SA as well as political opponents. The arrests carried on for two more nights. In total 77 men were executed on charges of treason. RΓΆhm was shot and others were beaten to death. The SA was placed under the command of the army. Hitler received an oath of allegiance from all those who served in the army.
Source B
Members of the SS stormed a hotel where the SA had gathered, pulled RΓΆhm and his henchmen from their beds and had them arrested. Some were promptly executed. RΓΆhm was taken to a Munich prison, along with other SA leaders, and there awaited his fate. He was given a chance to shoot himself, but did not take it. An SS officer entered his cell and shot RΓΆhm at point blank range.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make direct comparisons of the two sources, either overall or in detail.
A simple comparison should be given 1 mark; a developed comparison should be given 2 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons or by a combination of these.
Overall: Sources A and B agree about the events of the Night of the Long Knives.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: units of the SS arrested the leaders of the SA
Source B: Members of the SS stormed a hotel where the SA had gathered, pulled RΓΆhm and his henchmen from their beds and had them arrested
agree
Source A: 77 men were executed on charges of treason
Source B: Some were promptly executed
agree
Source A: RΓΆhm was shot
Source B: An SS officer shot RΓΆhm at point blank range
Explain5 marks2017Q50β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why there was a lack of effective opposition in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
widespread fear of Nazi regime (eg Gestapo/informers/concentration camps)
opposition leaders were arrested or killed/many leaders fled Germany
many Germans supported Hitler/many people who did not actively support the Nazis just kept their views quiet
opposition groups were often infiltrated by the Nazis/the groups had to meet in secret
opposition faced difficulty in publicising their views/strict censorship of anything critical of the regime
little co-operation between opposition groups/left wing opposition/Communists and Socialists refused to cooperate
opposition groups such as the Edelweiss Pirates, Texas Band and Navaho were disorganised
most church groups agreed to co-operate with the Nazis
outspoken individuals (Bonhoeffer, Neimoller) were rounded up/no protection from the courts, if arrested would be severely punished
How fully6 marks2017Q51β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source C explain Nazi education policies? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C is about Nazi education policies.
Education played a very important part in Nazi Germany. Schools tried to develop a loyal following for Hitler. Geography taught pupils about the land that Germany lost in 1919 to make them understand the need for more living space. The science curriculum was changed so shooting had to be studied as well as bridge building and the impact of poisonous gases. Girls had a different curriculum as they studied domestic science and racial studies. Both of these were to prepare a young girl to be the perfect wife and mother.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
schools tried to develop a loyal following for Hitler
geography taught pupils about the land Germany had taken away from her in 1919 and the need for Germany to have living space
the science curriculum was changed so shooting had to be studied as well as bridge building and the impact of poisonous gases
girls had a different curriculum as they studied domestic science and racial studies (both of these were to prepare young girls to be the perfect wife and mother)
Points of significant omission
in racial studies girls were taught about the characteristics to look out for in a perfect husband
all teachers had to be vetted by local Nazi officials (any teacher considered disloyal was sacked)
history was based on the glory of Germany - a nationalistic approach was compulsory
biology became a study of the different races to 'prove' the Nazi belief in racial superiority
teachers were expected to attack the life style of the Jews (Anti-Semitic textbooks even for young children to increase bad feeling towards Jews)
PE became a very important part of the curriculum to increase fitness/ RE was removed as Nazis disliked Christianity
maths had a military slant (eg sums about the amount of bombs an aircraft could carry)
Hitlerβs photo/Swastika flag in classroom as a constant reminder of Nazism
Explain5 marks2016Q48β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why the German people were opposed to the Treaty of Versailles.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
Germany got no say in the Treaty/called it a βDIKTATβ a dictated peace
Germany blamed for starting the war (War Guilt Clause)
felt it humiliated Germany/was unacceptable/too harsh
Germans resented having to pay reparations
with the Kaiser gone Germans did not believe they should be punished
not based on Wilsonβs 14 points eg no self determination
Germany lost land eg people living under foreign rule
loss of colonies felt to be unfair
Armed forces reduced increasing unemployment/leaving them vulnerable to attack
Describe5 marks2016Q49β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the treatment of the Jews in Nazi Germany.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
Anti-Jewish propaganda: blamed for World War One/Communism/economic ruin/contaminating the βMaster Raceβ
Jews were often abused or beaten up in the streets
Anti-Semitic education: pupils taught to be hostile to Jews: teachers humiliated Jewish children
from 1933 Anti-Jewish Laws/boycott of Jewish shops/doctors/lawyers/lecturers dismissed
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service banned Jews from government jobs
1935: Jews forbidden to join the Army; restrictions on opportunities for employment, education; Civil Liberties restricted; Anti-Jewish signs displayed in shops/restaurants/cafes
1935 Nuremburg Laws for protection of German blood and honour (eg ban on marriage between Jews and non-Jews)
Sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews outside marriage β criminal offence
1935 National Law of Citizenship meant Jews lost citizenship β no vote/rights
1938 Government contracts only for Aryan firms
1938 only Aryan doctors were allowed to treat Aryan patients
1938 all Jews had to take new first name: Israel and Sarah: adding to signatures/passport stamped with letter βJβ
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2016Q50β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the use of intimidation by the Nazis.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β is from the diary of Ernst Thalmann, a Communist leader writing about his arrest in 1933 by the Gestapo.
Every cruel method of blackmail was used against me to obtain details about my comrades. But the approach proved unsuccessful. I was then assaulted and in the process had four teeth knocked out. They tried hypnosis which was also ineffective. Finally, a Gestapo officer with a whip in his hand beat me with measured strokes. Driven wild with pain, I screamed at the top of my voice.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 5 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to the content, and 2 marks for points of significant omission.
Author/type/purpose/timing
Author: Ernst Thalmann β Useful as it is from someone who has first-hand experience of Nazi intimidation
Type of Source: Diary β Useful as it is an honest personal account
Purpose: To inform β Useful as it provides a balanced (and detailed) account of the use of intimidation by the Nazis
Timing: 1933 β Useful as it is from the time that the Nazis were routinely intimidating their opponents
Points from the source
Every cruel method of blackmail was used against me β Useful as it accurately describes how the Nazis threatened prisoners families to extract confessions
I was then assaulted and in the process had four teeth knocked out/a Gestapo officer with a whip in his hand then beat me with measured strokes β Useful as it accurately describes methods used by Gestapo
They tried hypnosis which was also ineffective β Useful as it accurately describes methods used by Gestapo
Points of significant omission
the SS also very intimidating
fear of concentration camps intimidating
use of Gestapo informers/other spying systems intimidated people
How fully5 marks2016Q51β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source B describe the activities of the Hitler Youth?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B is about the activities of the Hitler Youth.
Boys learned military skills such as practising with weapons. To toughen them up, they were taken on cross country hikes and runs. One member of the Hitler Youth remembered that anyone who got a stitch while running was punished and humiliated as a weakling. Boys were also tested on their knowledge of Nazism and those who passed the test were given a dagger marked βBlood and Honourβ. Most members of the Hitler Youth joined because they thought it was fun and exciting. However they did not all enjoy the endless marching.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
boys learned military skills such as practising with weapons
to toughen them up, they were taken on cross country hikes and runs
boys were also tested on their knowledge of Nazism
however they did not all enjoy the endless marching
Points of significant omission
details on βmilitary athleticsβ (Wehrsport) (eg bayonet drill, grenade throwing, trench digging, map reading, gas defence, use of dugouts, how to get under barbed wire and pistol shooting)
compulsory gymnastics/other sporting activities like football/handball
competitive boxing matches (where the rules were not as important as beating your opponent)
Explain6 marks2015Q50β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why the Weimar Government was unpopular up to 1925.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
some people felt coalition governments were weak/parties seemed too busy arguing to solve the country's problems
many Germans didn't like democracy/longed for the return of the strong leadership of the Kaiser
frequent changes of government made it difficult to follow consistent policies
appeared to be unable to solve the country's economic problems such as war debt/hyper-inflation
six governments in six years in the mid-1920s created an appearance of a weak government
it seemed incapable of maintaining order/stopping frequent outbreaks of violence/political assassinations
criticised by nationalists for giving in to foreign powers
criticised for allowing the French invasion of the Ruhr
associated with Germany's defeat in the First World War
blamed the Weimar Government for accepting the Treaty of Versailles
any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
To what extent8 marks2015Q51β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
To what extent were the social policies of the Nazi Government crucial to their maintenance of power between 1933 and 1939?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(You must use recalled knowledge to present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 8 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks are allocated for relevant points of knowledge used to address the question. 1 mark should be given for each relevant, factual key point of knowledge used to support a factor.
If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be given for relevant points of knowledge.
1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way; 1 mark given for a conclusion with a valid judgement or overall summary; 1 mark given for a reason being provided in support of the judgement.
Social policies
Nazi youth policy encouraged loyalty
Nazi education policy brainwashed the young
Nazi policy towards the Jews β first isolate, then persecute and finally destroy created a fear of similar treatment
Nazi family policy β Kinder, Kirche, Kuche won support/from traditionalists
subsidised holidays/leisure activities of the Kraft durch Freude programme were popular
a Concordat with the Catholic Church was reached/a Reichsbishop was appointed as head of the Protestant churches which limited possible opposition from the churches
creation of the national community (Volksgemeinschaft) created a sense of national purpose
Economic policies
Nazi economic policy/German labour Front attempted to deal with economic ills affecting Germany, especially unemployment and won support
Nazis began a massive programme of public works; work of Hjalmar Schacht providing jobs, which won support
Propaganda
use of Nuremburg Rallies inspired loyalty
use of radio ensued that the Nazi message was widely spread
Cult of the Leader: the Hitler Myth ensured that Hitler remained personally very popular
use of the Cinema: Triumph of the Will etc spread the Nazi message widely
Nazi propaganda effectively spread the Nazi message
Establishment of totalitarian state
political parties outlawed; non-Nazi members of the civil service were dismissed, crushing possible opposition
Nazis never quite able to silence opposition to the regime
speed of takeover of power and ruthlessness of the regime made opposition largely ineffective
anti-Nazi judges were dismissed and replaced with those favourable to the Nazis ensuring the support of the legal system
Acts Hostile to the National Community (1935) β all-embracing law which allowed the Nazis to persecute opponents in a 'legal' way
Fear and state terrorism
the use of fear/terror through the Nazi police state; role of the Gestapo made opposition unlikely/impossible
the use of the SS created a climate of fear and enforced loyalty
concentration camps were set up
Crushing of opposition
opponents liable to severe penalties, as were their families which added to the climate of fear and enforced loyalty
opponents never able to establish a single organisation to channel their resistance β role of the Gestapo, paid informers
opposition lacked cohesion and a national leader; also lacked armed supporters
lack of cooperation between socialists and communists
Evaluate the usefulness6 marks2015Q52β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say or what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β Source A is from a textbook written by a modern historian, published in 2013.
On buses and park benches, Jews had to sit on seats marked for them. Children at German schools were taught anti-Semitic ideas. Jewish children were ridiculed by teachers. Bullying of Jews in the playground by other pupils went unpunished. If Jewish children then chose not to go to school, the Nazis claimed this proved that Jewish children were lazy and could not be bothered to go to school.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 6 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks for author, type of source, purpose and timing; a maximum of 2 marks for content; a maximum of 2 marks for points of significant omission.
Author, type of source, purpose and timing
Author: Historian β Useful because author is an expert who will have researched the topic
Type of Source: Textbook β Useful because the information would be informative/factual
Purpose: To inform β Useful because the historian provides a detailed account of the discrimination faced by Jews in Nazi Germany
Timing: 2013 β Useful because it is a secondary source with the benefit of hindsight
Points from the source
On buses and park benches, Jews had to sit on seats marked for them. β Useful because it gives accurate and relevant examples of how Jews were segregated
Jewish children were ridiculed by teachers β Useful because it gives accurate and relevant examples of how Jewish children were discriminated against in schools
Bullying of Jews in the playground by other pupils went unpunished. β Useful because it gives accurate and relevant examples of how Jewish children were intimidated in schools
Points of significant omission
violence against Jews (eg Kristallnacht)
from 1933 Anti-Jewish Laws/boycott of Jewish shops/doctors/lawyers/lecturers dismissed
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service banned Jews from government jobs
1935: Jews forbidden to join the Army; restrictions on opportunities for employment/education; Civil Liberties restricted; Anti-Jewish signs displayed in shops/restaurants/cafes
1935 Nuremburg Laws for the Protection of German Blood and Honour: ban on marriage between Jews and non-Jews
sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews outside marriage β criminal/prison offence
1935 National Law of Citizenship meant Jews lost citizenship β no vote/rights
1938 only Aryan doctors were allowed to treat Aryan patients
any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
Describe5 marks2014Q1β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Describe the rights all Germans had in the Weimar Republic.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these
Possible points of knowledge
All men and women over 20 had the vote/over 35 in Presidential elections
All Germans were equal before the law
People had the right to vote by secret ballot
Everyone had the right of freedom of speech/to express opinions freely and openly
Freedom of association/people had the right to hold peaceful meetings
Freedom of press
Everyone had the right of freedom of religion
Letters and correspondence could not be opened and read
No one could be arrested without good reason/unless they broke the law
People had the right to join trade unions and societies
No one could be imprisoned without trial
Rights of privacy/people had the right of privacy in their own homes
People had the right to form political parties.
Any other relevant factual key point of knowledge that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question
Compare the views4 marks2014Q2β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Compare the views of Sources A and B on the effects of hyperinflation on the people of Germany.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about hyperinflation in Germany.
Workers were paid twice a day and when they were given their wages, they threw bundles of banknotes out of factory windows to waiting members of their families who would then rush to the shops to buy food or coal or clothes before the prices went up. Millions of people faced starvation due to hyperinflation. People such as pensioners who were living on fixed incomes found that prices rose much faster than their earnings.
Source B
Sources A and B are about hyperinflation in Germany.
Almost overnight the life savings of many Germans became worthless. Some workers were paid twice a day and could spend their wages instantly. People who were paid monthly or depended on savings suffered because these could not keep up with price rises. Pensioners lived on fixed incomes. They always received the same amount of money each week. These incomes were now worth nothing. They faced homelessness and starvation.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make direct comparisons of the two sources, either overall or in detail
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or overall viewpoint they agree or disagree about and should be given 1 mark
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be given 2 marks
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons or by a combination of these
Overall: The sources agree that hyperinflation caused people difficulties
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: Workers were paid twice a day/rushed to shops before prices went up
Source B: Some workers were paid twice a day/could spend their wages instantly.
agree
Source A: Millions of people faced starvation due to hyperinflation
Source B: They faced homelessness and starvation.
agree
Source A: Pensioners who were living on fixed incomes found that prices rose much faster than their earnings
Source B: Pensioners lived on fixed incomes and received the same amount each week; these incomes were now worth nothing
Explain5 marks2014Q3β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
Explain the reasons why Hitler and the Nazi Party attracted so much support by January 1933.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these
Possible reasons
Hitler appeared to offer Germany strong leadership, which was appealing
Offered solutions to Germany's economic problems, so popular
Promised to provide jobs for the unemployed , which was popular
Promised to overthrow the Treaty of Versailles, which was welcomed
Nazi rallies, eg Nuremberg, impressed people
Hitler was a superb speaker
Effective use of propaganda to get over his message
Hitler had a clear, simple message which appealed to many people
Promised support for the farmers, shopkeepers, etc, which was popular
Businessmen were attracted by Hitler's promise to destroy trade unions
Young people were attracted to the Hitler Youth
Promised to restore Germany as a world power, which was welcomed
Germany's best defence against Communism/support from middle classes
Discipline/uniforms of the SA impressed people
Widespread support from nationalists for his racial theories/anti-Semitism
Tired of the chaos of the Weimar Government and wanted a change/belief that democracy weak
Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question
How fully6 marks2014Q4β³ Older formatHitler and Nazi Germany, 1919β1939
How fully does Source C describe how the Nazis controlled people's lives?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use Source C and recall.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C is about Nazi control of people's lives.
Hitler and the Nazi Party aimed to control every part of people's lives, and that included their free time. The KDF (Strength through Joy Organisation) controlled most forms of entertainment. Each year around seven million people took part in KDF sports matches. Mass outings to the theatre and the opera were arranged. The KDF had its own symphony orchestra which toured the country. Workers were also provided with affordable holidays including cruises and walking or skiing holidays.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided; up to 3 marks for interpretation of the parts of the source relevant to the question
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source
Points from the source
The KDF (Strength through Joy Organisation) controlled most forms of entertainment
Each year around seven million people took part in KDF sports matches
Mass outings to the theatre and the opera were arranged
Workers were also provided with affordable holidays including cruises and walking or skiing holidays
Points of significant omission
Other Strength through Joy programmes such as: Evening classes for adults; The Peoples Car (Volkswagen) hire purchase scheme which turned out to be a swindle
Nuremberg Laws
Hitler Youth later made compulsory
Role of Gestapo
Propaganda (examples of)
Censorship of newspapers/films/books/films
Books considered unacceptable were burned
Complaining about the Nazis against the law
Penalty for anti-Hitler jokes was death
National Labour Service
Compulsory Military Service
any other valid point of explanation that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question
