How fully6 marks2026Q31War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source A explain the reasons why there were arguments over revenue and religion between King James VI and I and Parliament?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A explains the reasons why there were arguments over revenue and religion between King James VI and I and Parliament.
The desire of King James VI and I to spend money without interference clashed with Parliament's need for control over finances. Parliament did not want to give James money because they felt he was spending too much on treating his favourites. James wanted to keep the peace with Spain so pursued a Spanish marriage for his son. The marriage policy with Spain provoked opposition in Parliament, which feared a revival of Catholic influence. Also, James' money-raising methods, such as selling titles, led to further disputes with Parliament over revenue.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
Explain6 marks2026Q32War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why the policies of Charles I caused problems, 1625β1629.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
Describe4 marks2026Q33War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Describe what happened during the Scots' invasion of England in 1640.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
Compare the views4 marks2026Q34War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Compare the views of Sources B and C about attitudes towards the death of Buckingham.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Sources B and C are about attitudes towards the death of Buckingham.
During his life and time in power, Buckingham's presence angered both Parliament and the public. Buckingham was stabbed to death in the Greyhound Inn in Portsmouth while trying to raise funds for another campaign. Buckingham's death was celebrated by the public who thought he was incompetent. To many in Parliament who were opposed to Buckingham, his assassination was welcomed. Some believed his death would free the King from Buckingham's damaging influence.
Source C
When Buckingham died, it was widely believed by the people that his death was a major blow to the country. Even though his military efforts had failed, such as the CΓ‘diz expedition, his intention was to strengthen England. Nevertheless, some thought Buckingham's death had served to further weaken king and country. Overall, some MPs in Parliament were saddened by his assassination.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2026Q35War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source D as evidence of what happened during the Irish Rebellion.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D
Source D is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2017.
The Irish Rebellion, in October 1641, was a significant uprising caused by several reasons. The rebellion began when the Catholic gentry gathered an army from the poorer Catholic population. Prior to this, frustration had been building at the perceived discrimination under English rule. The rebels began attacking Protestant settlers in Ulster and this resulted in widespread violence on both sides. Many of the Ulster settlers were murdered, and some others were driven off the land.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
To what extent9 marks2025Q30War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent was religion the main reason why there were arguments between Parliament and King James VI and I?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion (introduction, structure, conclusion with valid judgement, reason in support of the judgement).
Religion
Millenary Petition (1603) β demands for change over Church of England practices were rejected by James
Bancroft's Canons β licensed by James but annoyed the clergy
Direction of Preachers (1622) β gave bishops more control which concerned Puritans
James was perceived to have Catholic sympathies which concerned Puritans, for example, marriage alliance with France
James' Book of Sports was objected to by Puritans as it gave activities for people to do after church on Sundays
Revenue
Parliament was concerned at the extravagant spending by James
Bates Case (1606) β James' policy on collection of impositions was challenged in court
Great Contract (1610) β Parliament was dismissed over financial arguments
King's personality
James was criticised for favouring leisure pursuits over the business of government
concerns over his obsessions and favouritism of certain people and giving them power in government
Political issues
1604 Parliament was dismissed over their disagreement with James' plans to unite Scotland and England as one country
James' decision to rule without Parliament from 1614 to 1621
How fully6 marks2025Q31War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source A describe the foreign policy of Charles I in the early years of his reign, 1625β1629?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A describes the foreign policy of Charles I in the early years of his reign, 1625β1629.
At the beginning of his reign Charles was keen to exert his dominance over Spain. Parliament granted Charles money to intercept Spanish treasure fleets returning from their American colonies. The next step was to attack towns on the Spanish coast to try to weaken their economy. 105 ships and 15,000 sailors and soldiers set sail for Cadiz in October 1625. The expedition was a disaster with over half the ships and men being lost in the failed attempt to attack Spain.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description of a given event or development.
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
Points from the source
Parliament granted Charles money to intercept Spanish treasure fleets returning from their American colonies. β Charles sent ships to attack Spanish ships returning to Spain from their American colonies.
The next step was to attack towns on the Spanish coast to try to weaken their economy. β Charles sent ships to attack Spanish towns in order to weaken their economy.
105 ships and 15,000 sailors and soldiers set sail for Cadiz in October 1625. β Many ships and soldiers set sail for Spain in October 1625.
The expedition was a disaster with over half the ships and men being lost in the failed attempt to attack Spain. β The expedition failed with half the fleet and men lost in the attack on Spain.
Points of significant omission
Charles made a diplomatic alliance with France through his marriage
Charles' favourite, Buckingham, made repeated errors in foreign policy leading to conflict with Parliament
Charles sent English troops to Denmark in 1626 to invade Northern Germany, but they were beaten
failed expedition to La Rochelle and Ile de Rhe in 1627 to support the Protestant Huguenots
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2025Q32War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of religious tensions in Scotland under Charles I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B is from a petition written by members of the House of Lords in 1640.
Your Majesty's person is exposed to danger and your Scottish kingdom is full of fear and discontent. We object to the innovations in religion especially the canons imposed upon the Scottish clergy and other subjects. We are displeased with the appointment of Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury, who is too close to the Church of Rome. The promotion of Arminian Bishops and others outside the religion established by law is not acceptable. Politically, the long intermission of Parliament is a grief to your subjects.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: Members of the House of Lords β Useful as they were personally involved in opposition to Charles' religious policies.
Type of Source: petition β Useful as it is a formal and detailed account of Scottish opposition.
Purpose: to persuade β Useful as it shows how Parliament tried to change Charles' religious policies in Scotland.
Timing: 1640 β Useful as it is during the time of opposition to Charles' religious policies in Scotland.
Content
We object to the innovations in religion especially the canons imposed upon the Scottish clergy and other subjects. β Useful because it is accurate (Laud's Canons were not supported by some Scots).
We are displeased with the appointment of Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury, who is too close to the Church of Rome. β Useful because it is accurate (appointment of Laud was opposed by some Scots).
The promotion of Arminian Bishops and others outside the religion established by law is not acceptable. β Useful because it is accurate (some Scots objected to the high church style of Arminian Bishops).
Points of significant omission
some Scots worried that the Act of Revocation would enrich the Kirk
Laud's Prayer Book was introduced in Scotland and heavily opposed, for example, St Giles Riot
Covenant was created in Scotland to preserve the purity of the Kirk
the Covenanters invaded England during the Bishops Wars (1639-1640) to pre-empt plans Charles had made to send troops to Scotland
Explain6 marks2025Q33War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why people joined each side in the civil war.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
some were forced to join the Parliamentarians as the Parliamentary Militia Ordnance allowed heads of militias to raise conscripts in each county
some were forced to join the Royal Army as the King's Commissions of Array allowed the crown to raise conscripts
some decided which side to join based on which army recruited them first
those who resented the King's religious reforms were supportive of Parliament
those who disliked Puritan prohibitions on church services and ceremonies joined with the Royalists
some were supportive of Parliament for political reasons, for example, wanting to protect Parliament from the King's desire to be an absolute monarch
geographical reasons, for example, Londoners were adversely affected by the economic policies of Charles and supported Parliament
among the peerage and the gentry, the majority favoured the King because they saw him as the protector of the established social order
Describe4 marks2024Q26War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Describe the Divine Right of Kings.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Possible points of knowledge
belief that God bestowed on a king the right to rule
the power of the monarchy was the most supreme authority on earth
no-one could challenge the kingβs authority
only God could punish a king
the king did not need to follow the law of the land unless he chose to do so
the king was not subject to the will of his people, for example, the aristocracy
the king was not subject to the commands of the Church
To what extent9 marks2024Q27War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How important was foreign policy as a reason for the problems in the early years of Charles Iβs reign, 1625β1629?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for a structured presentation, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
failures in foreign policy led to hatred towards Buckingham and his eventual assassination
Character of Charles
Charlesβ strong belief and application of the Divine Right of Kings met with opposition in Parliament (some thought he was moving towards Absolutism)
Charles was not flexible politically, and hated debate from Parliament
Religion
Charles was in favour of the Arminian section of the Church of England which the Puritan minded MPs in Parliament objected to (believed Arminians to be a threat to Protestantism due to the Catholic nature of their services)
Charles appointed leading Arminians into positions of power (Laud, Montagu)
Politics
Charles dismissed Parliament in 1626 over its attempts to impeach Buckingham
Petition of Right was put forward by Parliament in 1628 in response to the illegal taxes and government measures, for example, billeting, martial law, and imprisonment of MPs without a trial
the incident of the Three Resolutions of 1629 led Charles to dismiss the 1629 Parliament
Finance
Charles collected tonnage and poundage even after Parliament voted it should be for one year only
those who opposed the Forced Loans of 1627 were taken to court, for example, Five Knights case 1627
Compare the views4 marks2024Q28War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the coronation of Charles I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the coronation of Charles I.
Kings of Scotland were typically crowned at Scone, but the Scottish coronation of Charles I took place in Edinburgh. It was based on a type of English church service which included kneeling and richly clothed bishops. This had not been seen in Scotland since the Reformation. After the ceremony, the King returned to the palace to dine privately and did not attend the public events planned for him.
Source B
Sources A and B are about the coronation of Charles I.
The Scottish coronation of Charles I was held with full Church of England practices. This was deeply shocking to the Scots and is perhaps a reason why no official account of the coronation was ever printed in Scotland. Traditionally Scottish kings were crowned at Scone, however, Charles insisted that his coronation be held at Holyrood in Edinburgh. Further insults to the Scots came when Charles did not attend the pre-planned public celebrations after the coronation.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Overall: Overall β the sources agree about the coronation of Charles I.
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: Kings of Scotland were typically crowned at Scone, but the Scottish coronation of Charles I took place in Edinburgh.
Source B: Traditionally Scottish kings were crowned at Scone, however, Charles insisted that his coronation be held at Holyrood in Edinburgh.
agree
Source A: It was based on a type of English church service which included kneeling and richly clothed bishops.
Source B: The Scottish coronation of Charles I was held with full Church of England practices.
agree
Source A: After the ceremony, the King returned to the palace to dine privately and did not attend the public events planned for him.
Source B: Further insults to the Scots came when Charles did not attend the pre-planned public celebrations after the coronation.
Explain6 marks2024Q29War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why there was opposition to the money-raising methods of Charles I after 1629.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
people resented forest fines that were imposed on people who lived on areas deemed to be former royal forests
Distraint of Knighthood was detested by many
nuisances (City of London) were seen as unfair
people hated the reappearance of monopolies in different forms, for example, soap
recusancy fines were highly enforced which were hated by Catholics
merchants were angered when the Crown gave customs farmers the right to collect larger sums
people disliked the Court of Wards which doubled its income
Plantation of Ulster fines on the City of London were viewed as unfair (1632)
continued collection of Ship Money, especially in inland areas was hated
How fully6 marks2024Q30War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source C describe the Battle of Naseby and the New Model Army?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C describes the Battle of Naseby and the New Model Army.
The New Model Army was made up of full-time, paid soldiers. It consisted of cavalry, dragoons, and infantry regiments with over a thousand men in each. Other contemporary armies were regional rather than national. At the Battle of Naseby, the Royalists were beaten by Cromwellβs well-trained cavalry and disciplined soldiers. Around 4500 Royalists were captured, and 1000 killed. A year later the first war ended. Charles would later restart the war, but he was swiftly captured, and the Royalist cause was crushed.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
The New Model Army was made up of full-time, paid soldiers.
It consisted of cavalry, dragoons, and infantry regiments with over a thousand men in each.
At the Battle of Naseby, the Royalists were beaten by Cromwellβs well-trained cavalry and disciplined soldiers.
Around 4500 Royalist soldiers were captured, and 1000 killed.
Points of significant omission
New Model Army was led by people with military knowledge and experience
the Self-Denying Ordinance stated that no commanders of the New Model Army could be an MP
Royalist forces were heavily outnumbered by the Parliamentarians at Naseby
at Naseby the Royalists (under Prince Rupert) failed to destroy the Parliamentariansβ baggage train
at Naseby the New Model Army dragoons were concealed behind a long hedgerow, emerging to attack Royalist cavalry
Parliamentarians suffered minimal losses at Naseby (around 200 men)
Describe4 marks2023Q31War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Describe the personality of King James VI and I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
James was perceptive
James was diplomatic
James believed he was capable of out-arguing almost anyone
James had an extravagant character and enjoyed spending money
James was paranoid and fearful of being assassinated
James had a vulgar sense of humour
James had a strong sense of duty and was aware of the dignity of kingship
Compare the views4 marks2023Q32War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the arguments over revenue and religion during the reign of King James VI and I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about arguments over revenue and religion during the reign of King James VI and I.
King James was celebrated for overcoming years of strife in England regarding religious and financial challenges. His low taxation policy had earned him love and respect from his countrymen. He was also extremely religious and was praised for writing eloquent sermons and books on divinity. Furthermore, he was tolerant towards Catholics, even after the Gunpowder Plot when he insisted that he would not become a persecutor of Catholics.
Source B
King James treated his subjects like a bank to fund his extravagant lifestyle. The country, represented through the House of Commons, would react angrily when James introduced new taxes. In religious matters he disappointed Puritans who wanted more radical church reforms. He also hated Catholics, especially after the Gunpowder plot when he enforced strict penalties against them. Overall, James did not always deal successfully with the religious and financial challenges of his reign.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree about the arguments over revenue and religion during the reign of King James VI and I.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source A: King James was celebrated for overcoming years of strife in England regarding religious and financial challenges.
Source B: Overall, James did not always deal successfully with the religious and financial challenges of his reign.
disagree
Source A: His low taxation policy had earned him love and respect from his countrymen.
Source B: The country, represented through the House of Commons, would react angrily when James introduced new taxes.
disagree
Source A: Furthermore, he was tolerant towards Catholics, even after the Gunpowder Plot when he insisted that he would not become a persecutor of Catholics.
Source B: He also hated Catholics, especially after the Gunpowder plot when he enforced strict penalties against them.
Explain6 marks2023Q33War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why Charles Iβs policies caused problems in England, 1625β1629.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
Parliament objected to Charlesβ belief in the Divine Right of Kings
Parliament objected to his attitude to the Church of England
resentment when Charles levied taxes on tonnage and poundage
resentment at other money raising methods, for example, selling knighthoods
Parliament resented forced loans and imprisonment without trial laws (leads to Parliament presenting the Petition of Right in 1628)
Charlesβ dissolving of Parliament (1626 and 1629) frustrated MPs
frustration at Charlesβ failures in foreign policy, for example, France, Spain
How fully6 marks2023Q34War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source C explain the reasons why royal authority in Scotland was challenged under Charles I?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C explains the reasons why royal authority in Scotland was challenged under Charles I.
When Charles I became king, relations with Scotland were already difficult. These were made worse by the Act of Revocation that took former church lands from the nobility, which angered the nobles. Some also felt that this would serve to create a rich church again, like the Catholic model. When Charles insisted his coronation be held with full Anglican rites, many were horrified and thought this was too much like Catholicism. Charles never returned to Scotland after his coronation and was resented for being an absentee monarch.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Up to 3 marks for interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Up to 4 marks for identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
These were made worse by the Act of Revocation that took former church lands from the nobility, which angered the nobles. (Charles annoyed the nobles by taking back their land.)
Some also felt that this would serve to create a rich church again, like the Catholic model. (Some were annoyed that the church may become rich again.)
When Charles insisted his coronation be held with full Anglican rites, many were horrified and thought this was too much like Catholicism. (Some disapproved of Charlesβ coronation.)
Charles never returned to Scotland after his coronation and was resented for being an absentee monarch. (Charles was resented for not returning to Scotland.)
Points of significant omission
the introduction of Laudβs Canons was opposed in Scotland
opposition to Bishops being introduced into Scottish churches
the introduction of the new Prayer Book was resented in Scotland
resentment at the abolition of the Presbyteries in Scotland
anger that Charles declared the General Assembly was not allowed to meet
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2023Q35(a)War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source D as evidence of the trial and execution of Charles I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source D
Source D is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2020.
The defeat at Naseby in 1645 turned the tide against the Royalist army. Despite a series of Royalist uprisings across the country, the Battle of Preston in 1648 brought an end to Charles Iβs chances of victory. Parliament then put the King on trial for treason. Charles was found guilty of being a tyrant and a traitor by a court he did not recognise as having any authority over him. His death warrant was signed by 59 officials including Oliver Cromwell.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: modern historian β Useful because it is written by an expert.
Type of Source: textbook β Useful because it is well researched.
Purpose: to inform β Useful because it gives evidence of the trial and execution of Charles I.
Timing: 2020 β Useful because it has the benefit of hindsight.
Content
Parliament then put the King on trial for treason. β Useful because it is accurate (shows that the King was put on trial for betraying the country).
Charles was found guilty of being a tyrant and a traitor by a court he did not recognise as having any authority over him. β Useful because it is accurate (shows that he was found guilty of treason, but he did not recognise the courtβs authority).
His death warrant was signed by 59 officials including Oliver Cromwell. β Useful because it is accurate (shows that his punishment was to be put to death).
Points of significant omission
Charles refused to speak at his trial to defend himself
Charles wore thick underclothes to stop him from shivering on the scaffold
Charles delivered a speech to the crowd before he was executed
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2023Q35(b)War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source E as evidence of the St Giles riot, 1637.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source E
Source E is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2010.
Scots prided themselves on the achievements of the Scottish Reformation. They were insulted when Charles I decided to improve Scots services by introducing an English style prayer book. When the Dean of St Giles tried to use Charlesβ book during a service, the congregation protested. Groups of Scots who were unhappy with Charlesβ rule, took advantage of the riot and decided to teach Charles a lesson. This event marked a significant public expression of the growing opposition to Charles in Scotland.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: modern historian β Useful as they are a well-informed expert on the St Giles riot.
Type of Source: textbook β Useful because the issue will have been well-researched.
Purpose: to inform β Useful as it provides detailed information about the effects of the St Giles riot.
Timing: 2010 β Useful as it has the benefit of hindsight.
Content
When the Dean of St Giles tried to use Charlesβ book during a service, the congregation protested. β Useful because it is accurate (the attempt by the Dean of St. Giles to use the new service book caused protests).
Groups of Scots who were unhappy with Charlesβ rule, took advantage of the riot and decided to teach Charles a lesson. β Useful because it is accurate (Scots disgruntled with Charlesβ decisions, took advantage of the popular religious discontent).
This event marked a significant public expression of the growing opposition to Charles in Scotland. β Useful as it is accurate (the riot was an important event in public opposition to Charles in Scotland).
Points of significant omission
women were to the fore of the religious protests.
a woman called Jenny Geddes is reputed to have thrown a stool at the Dean.
others threw prayer books and continued their protest outside the church.
church services were suspended for a week for fear of public uprising.
the St Giles riot led to the signing of the National Covenant in 1638.
How fully6 marks2022Q30War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source A describe the changes to the ways Scotland and England were governed after the Union of the Crowns?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A describes the changes to the ways Scotland and England were governed after the Union of the Crowns.
Before the Union of the Crowns, Scotland and England were entirely different countries. This changed in 1603. A significant difference was that James VI and I was based in London. Communication was greatly improved with the development of a postal service between Edinburgh and London to keep the King in touch with his government in Edinburgh. However, after 1603 Scotland found it more difficult to influence foreign policy. In addition, Scotland was to be ruled by a Privy Council to ensure the King's will was followed in Scotland.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their interpretation of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
A significant difference was that James VI and I was based in London. (James based his government in London.)
Communication was greatly improved with the development of a postal service between Edinburgh and London to keep the King in touch with his government in Edinburgh. (A postal service was developed between Scotland and England improving communication.)
However, after 1603 Scotland found it more difficult to influence foreign policy. (After 1603 Scots found it harder to advance their interests in foreign policy.)
In addition, Scotland was to be ruled by a Privy Council to ensure the King's will was followed in Scotland. (Scotland was governed by a Privy Council.)
Points of significant omission
James VI and I rarely visited Scotland after his coronation
no new institutions or government structures were put in place
James declared himself to be 'King of Great Britain'
Parliament was run by a small committee called the Committee of Articles (Lords of the Articles)
Committee/Lords of the Articles could only suggest new laws for Scotland
the King chose the Lords and bishops to become part of the Committee/Lords of the Articles
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2022Q31War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source B as evidence of what happened during the Bishops' Wars.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B β a public letter written by King Charles I in 1639 addressed to the Scottish people
Source B is a public letter written by King Charles I in 1639 addressed to the Scottish people.
To all of our loving and loyal Scottish subjects, greetings. We have advanced with our army and nobles of this kingdom and intend to end the current disorderly actions of some Scots. This nation knows that there is a plan of some Scots to invade England. If these men raise troops without our authority and come within 10 miles of the English border then we shall see that as an invasion and treat all such men as rebels.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspect of the source
Author: King Charles I β Useful, as he had first-hand experience of the Bishops' Wars.
Type of Source: letter β Useful, as it is an official document.
Purpose: to warn the Scots β Useful, as it shows Charles' view of Scotland.
Timing: 1639 β Useful, as it is from the time of the Bishops' Wars.
Content
We have advanced with our army and nobles of this kingdom and intend to end the current disorderly actions of some Scots. β Useful, as it is accurate (the English army marched north to deal with the Scots).
This nation knows that there is a plan of some Scots to invade England. β Useful, as it is accurate (some Scots planned an invasion of England).
If these men raise troops without our authority and come within 10 miles of the English border then we shall see that as an invasion and treat all such men as rebels. β Useful, as it is accurate (Charles viewed the Scots actions as a rebellion).
Points of significant omission
Charles was slow to gather an army so the Scottish army had time to prepare
Charles sought a truce demanding the disbanding of both armies, the Truce of Berwick, that was rejected by the Scots
Charles was forced to call a Parliament to ask for money but dissolved it after he refused to compromise, for example, the short Parliament
the Scottish army invaded England and met little resistance
Explain6 marks2022Q32War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why there were challenges to royal authority in England under Charles I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
King Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings which annoyed Parliament as they objected to the power it gave him
Charles' period of Personal Rule (1629 β 1640) increased opposition because he ruled without consulting parliament for 11 years
Charles' personality caused problems because he was considered extravagant and Parliament accused him of wasting money
the foreign policy of Charles I caused opposition, as it was unpopular and unsuccessful, for example, war with Spain
money raising methods of Charles led to opposition as they were seen as unfair, for example, Ship Money
Charles attempted to reform the Church by introducing religious policies that were opposed by parliament and Puritans because they believed they were returning to more Catholic worship
Charles showed favoritism to some individuals at court, for example, Buckingham, who was distrusted by parliament
To what extent9 marks2022Q33(a)War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent were religious disputes the main reason for the outbreak of civil war in 1642?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
1 mark for an introduction (which places the question in its historical context or outlines relevant factors).
1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way (with knowledge being organised in support of different factors).
1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement (or overall summary).
1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement (a summary cannot be supported).
Religious disputes
Charles was married to the Catholic Henrietta Maria of France, who was allowed to practice her religion, and this created mistrust of Charles
Charles preferred a form of worship that made some fear he was leaning to Catholicism
Charles clashed with Scots over the issue of the new Prayer Book and this angered the Scots so much that they invaded England in 1639
new forms of worship were imposed which were disliked by Protestants
Finances
rich men were forced to buy their titles or be fined which caused resentment
Charles ordered that everyone pay Ship Money, previously limited to coastal areas, for example, some MPs arrested such as in Hampden
Parliament refused to raise money for Charles to go to war in Scotland causing tension
Politics
in 1629, Charles refused to let Parliament meet for 11 years, angering MPs
Charles used the Court of Star Chamber to rule without Parliament, which was seen by many as an abuse of power
Parliament was angry that Charles had tried to arrest critical MPs in the House of Commons
King's character
Charles was arrogant which led to a poor relationship between him and Parliament
Parliament and the King clashed over Charles' strong belief in the Divine Right of Kings.
To what extent9 marks2022Q33(b)War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent was the personality of James VI and I the main reason for tension between the King and Parliament up to 1625?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
1 mark for an introduction (which places the question in its historical context or outlines relevant factors).
1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way (with knowledge being organised in support of different factors).
1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement (or overall summary).
1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement (a summary cannot be supported).
The King's personality
some in the Parliament were offended by the King's belief in the Divine Right of Kings
James was criticised for neglecting the business of government in favour of leisure pursuits
James was intelligent but his inflexibility led to conflict with parliament
Political disputes
quarrels over the King's choice of leading minister, for example, the Duke of Buckingham
James ruled without Parliament from 1614 to 1621
Religious differences
the Millenery Petition of 1603 requested changes be made to practices in the Church of England; James rejected most changes which caused tension
James demanded that the clergy had to follow 39 articles and the Prayer book, which annoyed many
James gave bishops more control in the Church which worried Puritans that he was attempting to Anglicise the Church of Scotland, causing unrest
Parliament was suspicious of James' perceived Catholic smpathies
Financial reasons
Crown and Parliament quarrelled over the sale of monopolies
James was viewed as extravagant, for example, his coronation
James was financially wasteful, and was over generous to his favourites
Explain6 marks2021Q30War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why James VI and I and Parliament argued over revenue and religion.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas.
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
Parliament were critical of Jamesβ extravagant spending (coronation, clothing, banquets, spending money on favourites)
Bates Case 1606, where the judges agreed that impositions (tax on imports and exports) were illegal, which annoyed James
failure of the Great Contract in 1610 where Parliament and King argued over finances which led to a reciprocal distrust
the 1614 Addled Parliament was dismissed due to disputes between Parliament and the King over subsidies (requested for the funeral of his son and the marriage of his daughter) which angered Parliament
James and Parliament argued over the sale of Monopolies which Parliament felt James abused his power in trying to control. (A committee was established to investigate grievances and Parliament made several efforts to curtail Jamesβ power. The result was the Statute of Monopolies, passed on 29 May 1624)
millenary position of 1603 (signed by over 1000 ministers) was rejected by James which angered Puritans and Parliament (The Puritans had several demands they wanted James to put in place such as an end to confirmation, no ring in marriage, abolition of the cross, education requirements for ministers, and freedom of not wearing ceremonial robes for ministers)
Archbishop Bancroftβs Canons (clergy to subscribe to changes to the clergy and the prayer book) were licenced by James which annoyed the clergy
1622 Direction of Preachers gave Bishops more control which worried Puritans
James had perceived Catholic sympathies which made Parliament and the clergy suspicious.
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2021Q31War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of foreign policy failures during the early years of the reign of Charles I, 1625β1629.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β from a record of parliamentary business written by an official record keeper in 1625
Source A is from a record of parliamentary business written by an official record keeper in 1625.
At the start of October, 80 English ships set sail from Plymouth for Spain. The expedition began in failure when the fleet encountered a storm which caused around 40 ships to go missing for 7 days. Eventually the fleet came together at the Bay of CΓ‘diz. When the army landed, they found a good store of wine and were soon drunk. The plan to take CΓ‘diz had to be abandoned and the fleet returned home to England with dishonour.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks for author, type of source, purpose and timing; a maximum of 2 marks for content; a maximum of 2 marks for points of significant omission.
Author
official record keeper: Useful because they were kept informed of foreign policy.
Type of Source
record of parliamentary business: Useful because it is an official record of debates regarding foreign policy in parliament.
Purpose
to record: Useful because it explains detailed accounts of parliamentary business regarding foreign policy.
Timing
1625: Useful because it was made at the time of the foreign policy failures.
Content
The expedition began in failure when the fleet encountered a storm which caused around 40 ships to go missing for 7 days: Useful because it accurately shows a reason for the failure of the expedition.
When the army landed, they found a good store of wine and were soon drunk: Useful because it accurately shows that lack of discipline was a reason for the failure of the attack on CΓ‘diz.
The plan to take CΓ‘diz had to be abandoned and the fleet returned home to England with dishonour: Useful because it accurately shows that the plan to take CΓ‘diz was abandoned and the expedition failed.
Points of significant omission
on the way home to England many of the ships ran out of food and water and many soldiers died
England gave financial support to Christian IV of Denmark in return for attacking the Catholic Hapsburgs in North Germany, but this failed when Denmark was decisively defeated by the Hapsburgs
war against France started in February 1627
expedition to the Isle de Re failed in October 1627.
To what extent9 marks2021Q32War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent were religious tensions the main reason for challenges to royal authority in Scotland and England during the reign of Charles I?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
1 mark for an introduction; 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way; 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement; 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Religious tensions
Charlesβ marriage to the Catholic Henrietta Maria was resented by Protestants
Laud was appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633 which was unpopular
Laudβs changes to the Church offended Protestants who believed they were returning to more Catholic sympathies
the introduction of the Prayer Book in Scotland in 1637 caused riots
Covenant in Scotland β drawn up in 1638 to protest against Charles I and changes to the Kirk
Bishops Wars in 1639 and 1640, Scots attacked and defeated English armies
Financial tensions
Charles was considered extravagant and Parliament accused him of wasting money (coronation, favourites, paintings, clothes)
money raising methods of Charles I caused resentment for example, Ship Money, forced loans, tonnage and poundage etc.
Political tensions
Hampden case, 1637. John Hampden refused to pay Ship Money tax and challenged the Kingβs methods through the courts
King Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings which annoyed Parliament because they objected to the power it gave him
Charlesβ period of Personal Rule (1629-1640) increased opposition because he ruled without consulting Parliament for 11 years
Charles recalled Parliament in 1640; the Parliament had more interest in redressing grievances with a flood of petitions, Charles dissolved the parliament after 3 weeks
How fully6 marks2021Q33War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source B describe the Battle of Marston Moor in July 1644?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes the Battle of Marston Moor in July 1644.
Marston Moor was a very significant battle in the Civil War. The battle saw the two armies equally matched in cavalry, but the Royalists were outnumbered in infantry due to the Scots who had joined the Parliamentarians. The battle lasted around 2 hours. The Parliamentarian forces lost around 2,000 men and the Royalists over 4,000. In terms of numbers, the battle is thought to be one of the largest fought on English soil. Two weeks after the battle, the city of York surrendered to the Parliamentarians.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description or explanation of a given event or development.
1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source, and up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
the Royalists were outnumbered in infantry due to the Scots who had joined with the Parliamentarians
the battle lasted around 2 hours
the Parliamentarian forces lost around 2,000 men and the Royalists over 4,000
in terms of numbers, the battle is thought to be one of the largest fought on English soil.
Points of significant omission
the two sides organised themselves in to similar formations on the battlefield with infantry in the middle and cavalry on either wing
Parliamentβs army had the advantage of occupying the high ground
from the Royalist lines much of Parliamentβs army was invisible, tucked away between folds in the hills
Prince Rupert believed the battle would happen the next day because nothing had happened by evening, so he retired to his tent, which led to the rest of the army following his lead by preparing to stand down
at 7.30pm Parliamentβs army took advantage of the situation they saw of the enemy relaxing and seized the opportunity to attack
the cavalry attacked on the left and right wings and to the rear, and the infantry crushed the Royalist army in the centre.
To what extent9 marks2019 specimenQ30War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent were financial grievances the main cause of dispute between King James I and Parliament?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce, then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which different factors contributed to an event or development, or its impact. They are required to provide a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion based on the evidence presented.
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark awarded for each point (but one mark should be deducted if the correct process is not clear in at least two factors). If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge. A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion.
Up to 4 marks should be awarded for presenting the answer in a structured way, leading to a conclusion which addresses the question: 1 mark for an introduction, 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way, 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement (or overall summary), 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement.
Financial grievances
James was viewed as extravagant by Parliament/by some as overgenerous to his favourites
Parliament was dismissed in 1610 because of arguments over finances and the failure of the Great Contract
the βAddled Parliamentβ was dismissed in 1614 due to arguments over impositions (extra customs tax) and subsidies
Crown and Parliament quarrelled over the sale of monopolies.
Religious differences
the Millenary Petition of 1603 requested changes to be made to practices in the Church of England; James rejected most of the changes
James licensed Archbishop Bancroft's Canons which stated that the clergy had to follow 39 articles and the Prayer Book, which annoyed the clergy
James gave bishops more control in the Church (Direction of Preachers, 1622) which worried Puritans
Parliament was suspicious of James' perceived Catholic sympathies.
Political disputes
James' belief in the Divine Rights of Kings offended many in Parliament
James was criticised for neglecting Parliament in favour of leisure pursuits
quarrels over the King's choice of leading ministers eg Duke of Buckingham
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2019Q31War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the personality of James VI and I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A β from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2000
Source A is from a textbook written by a modern historian in 2000.
The personality of James VI and I has been the subject of discussions amongst historians because it was to have an important influence on how he ran the state. His tendency to spend extravagantly on himself and his favourites lost him respect amongst many. After the Gunpowder Plot he became very fearful of being assassinated and wore a stab proof jacket at all times. However he was also prone to taking considerable risks whilst out hunting.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspects of the source
Author: modern historian. Useful because he is a well-informed expert.
Type of Source: textbook. Useful as it is likely to have been thoroughly researched.
Purpose: to inform. Useful because it contains balanced information.
Timing: 2000. Useful because it was written with the benefit of hindsight.
Content
His tendency to spend extravagantly on himself and his favourites. Useful because it is accurate (James was an extravagant ruler).
After the Gunpowder Plot he became very fearful of being assassinated. Useful because it is accurate (James did fear assassination attempts).
Prone to taking considerable risks whilst out hunting. Useful because it is accurate (James did often take risks while hunting).
Points of significant omission
James firmly believed and promoted the Divine Right of Kings which made him seem arrogant
James was well educated (for example in languages and science)
some refer to James as 'the wisest fool in Christendom' because he was well educated but lacked common sense
James was known for his considerable political skills/able politician
Explain6 marks2019 specimenQ31War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why Charles I became unpopular in Scotland between 1629 and 1640.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a number of points that make the issue plain or clear, for example by showing connections between factors or causal relationships between events or ideas. These should be key reasons but there is no need for any evaluation or prioritising of these reasons.
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
resentment of Charles as an absentee monarch
many Scots were suspicious that Charles wanted to be an absolute monarch
the General Assembly was not allowed to meet which caused resentment
resentment at Charles' money raising methods (eg Ship Money)
Scottish nobles resented Charles' Act of Revocation whereby church lands which had been alienated since 1540 had to be returned to the Crown
Charles' coronation in Edinburgh was a High Church ceremony based on Anglican forms and Scottish Presbyterians were suspicious of Anglican ideas
Charles demanded that Scottish Ministers accept and use the new English Prayer Book which caused a great deal of resentment and some riots in Edinburgh
Scottish clergy opposed Laud's Canons and their requirement to wear gowns and surplices because it seemed too Catholic
Bishops were to be introduced into the Scottish Church which was resented by the Scots
rejection of the Canons was included in the National Covenant for the Defence of True Religion in 1638 and was signed by thousands because they wanted to protect Scottish religious practices.
Describe4 marks2019Q32War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Describe the religious policies of Charles I in Scotland between 1625 and 1640.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be awarded for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge. A second mark should be awarded for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or any combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
Charles imposed the New Prayer Book in Scotland
the Act of Revocation saw church or Royal property which had been taken since 1540 returned to the Crown
Charles made the Scottish clergy wear gowns and other surplices (Laud's Canons)
Charles abolished the Presbyteries
Bishops were to be allowed into the Scottish Church
the General Assembly was not allowed to meet
angered Scots by imposing religious reforms without consulting the Scots Kirk or Scots parliament
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2019 specimenQ32War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of growing opposition in England to the reign of King Charles I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a letter written by Sir John Eliot, a Member of Parliament, in the 1630s.
It was an ill omen that Charles' first Parliament met against the background of a terrible outbreak of plague in London. Members of Parliament complained that the terms of Charles' marriage contract included unacceptable concessions to English Catholics. In addition we were suspicious of Charles' foreign policy which meant Parliament was reluctant to grant him funds. The king tried his best to manipulate Parliament. This didn't stop me launching a fierce criticism of Charles' favourite, Buckingham's mismanagement of the Cadiz expedition.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must evaluate the extent to which a source is useful by commenting on evidence such as the author, type of source, purpose, timing, content or omission. For a mark to be awarded, the candidate must identify an aspect of the source and make a comment which shows why this aspect makes the source more or less useful.
A maximum of 4 marks can be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to the content of the source. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for evaluative comments relating to points of significant omission.
Aspect
Author: Sir John Eliot, a Member of Parliament β Useful as it is from an eyewitness/had first-hand experience of the dispute with the king
Type of source: A letter β Useful as it is likely to give an honest/accurate description of the growing opposition to the reign of King Charles I
Purpose: To inform β Useful as it provides a detailed account of the growing opposition/less useful as it may be biased as Eliot was an outspoken critic of Charles
Timing: 1630s β Useful because it is a primary source from the time when there was growing opposition to the reign of King Charles I
Content
Members of Parliament complained that the terms of Charles' marriage contract included unacceptable concessions to English Catholics. β Useful because it is accurate (Parliament was suspicious of any concessions given to Catholics)
In addition we were suspicious of Charles' foreign policy which meant Parliament was reluctant to grant him funds. β Useful because it is accurate (Parliament didn't trust Charles' foreign policy and was unwilling to fund it)
β¦launching a fierce criticism of Charles' favourite, Buckingham's mismanagement of the Cadiz expedition. β Useful because it is accurate (many MPs criticised Buckingham's disastrous Cadiz campaign)
Points of significant omission
growing opposition to Charles' belief in the Divine Right of Kings
anger at Charles' refusal to let Parliament meet in 1629/MPs arrived to find the doors locked
Protestants were upset at his marriage to Henrietta Maria β a Catholic
criticised for his spending habits eg paintings and expensive clothes.
Explain6 marks2019Q33War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why the Scots rebelled against Charles I in 1639.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be awarded for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or any combination of these).
Possible reasons
Scots started to raise an army in 1638 in response to Charles raising an army
the Act of Revocation affected many Scottish landowners who were not sure if they could keep former church lands that they thought were legally theirs
the Act of Revocation annoyed those who feared returning lands to the Church would create a rich Church again (like the Catholic model)
Charles' coronation was conducted with high church ceremonies which offended the views of the Scots
there was resentment to the introduction of Lauds canons
there was resentment and violent reaction to the introduction of the New Prayer Book
resentment towards Charles as an absolute monarch
suspicion that Charles wanted to be an absolute monarch
How fully6 marks2019 specimenQ33War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source B describe the events between 1640 and 1642 that led to the outbreak of the civil war? (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes events between 1640 and 1642 that led to the outbreak of civil war.
Charles called Parliament in April 1640. He then dismissed it because MPs refused to give him what he wanted. In November 1640 Charles was forced to recall Parliament. He still didn't get the money he wanted. Charles faced growing criticism in Parliament from Pym and other Puritan MPs regarding his religious policies. In May 1641 Parliament accused the King's chief Minister, Strafford, of treason and executed him. Many MPs were unhappy with the way Pym twisted the laws to get Strafford executed, which led to further disputes in Parliament.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the extent to which the source provides a full description or explanation of a given event or development.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement. Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement. A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Parliament was dismissed in 1640 because MPs would not give Charles what he wanted/He still didn't get the money he wanted
Charles faced growing criticism in Parliament from Pym and other Puritan MPs regarding his religious policies
Parliament accused the king's chief minister, Strafford, of treason and executed him
many MPs were unhappy with the way Pym twisted the laws to get Strafford executed, which led to further disputes in Parliament.
Points of significant omission
activities of the Long Parliament angered the King eg arrest and imprisonment of Archbishop Laud
the Grand Remonstrance in November 1641 divided the House of Commons in support for the King
attempted arrest of 5 Members of Parliament in January 1642 angered Parliament
Parliament's decision to throw bishops out of the House of Lords in February 1642 divided the House of Commons
Parliament took control of the army in March 1642 without the King's assent
the Nineteen Propositions of June 1642 were rejected by Charles, this divided Parliament and the King's supporters left London.
How fully6 marks2019Q34War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source B describe the money-raising methods of Charles I?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B is about the money-raising methods of Charles I.
Charles I had expensive tastes so pushed his legal rights to the limit. One method of collecting money was to force those who had already built outside the city walls of London to buy a licence for 'committing a nuisance'. Another was the reintroduction of monopolies like the soap monopoly which caused much resentment. Also the City of London was fined for failing to push forward the plantation of Ulster. Customs farmers had to pay the King for the right to collect customs, with the costs passed on to merchants.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to a maximum of 6 marks in total, 1 mark should be awarded for each valid point selected from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Candidates should be awarded up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source which support their judgement.
Candidates should be awarded up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be awarded for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
Charles forced those who had already built outside the city walls of London to buy a licence for 'committing a nuisance'
reintroduction of monopolies (for example soap monopoly)
the City of London was fined for failing to push forward the plantation of Ulster
customs farmers had to pay the King for the right to collect customs
Points of significant omission
the boundaries of the Royal Forests reverted back to the time of Edward III (fines were imposed for people living on areas of land that were declared to now belong to the Crown)
Ship Money was imposed on inland counties where formerly only coastal counties had to pay
Ship Money became a permanent tax rather than an emergency one and became a regular part of royal income
seized and sold off the goods of the East India Company (for example pepper)
Compare the views4 marks2019Q35War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Compare the views of Sources C and D about the role of Oliver Cromwell in the Civil War.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Sources C and D describe the role of Oliver Cromwell in the Civil War.
Cromwell was a schemer, who was corrupted by power to overthrow the monarchy and became a traitor. He had no military experience prior to the Civil War but went on to win important victories for the Parliamentarians. Success in these battles was linked to 'God's will' rather than his own abilities. His actions in Ireland demonstrate his ruthlessness where he massacred thousands of civilians which left a bloody stain on his reputation.
Source D
The role of Cromwell in the success of the Parliamentarians was an important one. He was well known for military planning which was due to his knowledge and skill when organising and equipping the New Model Army. He was considered a sincere man who always looked for compromise rather than using violence. Overall, he was a man with great political vision whose aim was to reform a corrupt monarchy.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be awarded 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be awarded a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by any combination of these).
Overall: Overall β the sources disagree on the role of Cromwell in the English Civil War.
Points of comparison
disagree
Source C: Cromwell was a schemer, who was corrupted by power to overthrow the monarchy and became a traitor.
Source D: He was a man with great political vision whose aim was to reform a corrupt monarchy.
disagree
Source C: Success in these battles was linked to 'God's will' rather than his own abilities.
Source D: He was well known for military planning which was due to his own knowledge and skill when organising and equipping the New Model Army.
disagree
Source C: His actions in Ireland demonstrate his ruthlessness where he massacred thousands of civilians which left a bloody stain on his reputation.
Source D: He was considered a sincere man who always looked for compromise rather than using violence.
To what extent9 marks2018Q26War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent was religion the main reason why James VI and I argued with Parliament between 1603 and 1625?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 9 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Up to 5 marks can be awarded for relevant, factual, key points of knowledge used to support factors, with 1 mark given for each point (but one mark should be deducted if the correct process is not clear in at least two factors).
If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be awarded for relevant points of knowledge.
A further 4 marks can be awarded for providing the answer in a structured way and coming to a reasoned conclusion (1 mark introduction, 1 mark structure, 1 mark conclusion with a valid judgement, 1 mark for a reason in support of the judgement).
religion
Millenary Petition (1603) which requested changes to practices in Church of England was rejected by James
licensing of Bancroftβs Canons (brought changes to clergy and Prayer Book) annoyed the clergy
James gave Bishops more control in the Church which worried Puritans (Direction of Preachers 1622)
revenue/finance
Parliament viewed James as being extravagant with money (eg spending on favourites/spending on coronation)
Parliament was dismissed in 1610 because of arguments over finances
arguments over impositions (extra customs tax) and subsidies led to parliamentβs dismissal in 1614
quarrels over the sale of monopolies
Kingβs personality
many in parliament were offended by Jamesβ belief in the Divine Right of Kings
James was criticised for neglecting the business of government in favour of leisure pursuits
How fully6 marks2018Q27War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source A explain the reasons why the English forces were defeated by the Scots in the Bishopsβ Wars of 1639 and 1640?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is about the Bishopsβ Wars of 1639 and 1640.
The Bishopsβ Wars resulted from objections to Charles Iβs attempts to reform the Scottish church. The King reacted by beginning a military campaign against the Scots. However, his plans were undermined by lack of funds. The Scottish forces organised themselves quickly and efficiently, however the English forces lacked experienced commanders. The English army that finally gathered on the Scottish border in mid-1639 was untrained and poorly equipped. The Kingβs armies were defeated but the truce did not last and led to another Bishopsβ War in 1640.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates should be given up to 3 marks for their identification of points from the source that supports their judgement.
Candidates should be given up to 4 marks for their identification of points of significant omission, based on their own knowledge, that support their judgement.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
the Kingβs plans were undermined by lack of funds
the Scottish forces organised themselves quickly and efficiently
English forces lacked experienced commanders
the English army that finally gathered on the Scottish border in mid-1639 was untrained and poorly equipped.
Points of significant omission
there was a lack of support for the war among the Kingβs subjects
in 1640, King Charles attempted a second campaign against the Scots, but once again, the army he raised was inadequate
many of the English soldiers deserted on the march to the north because they were untrained and poorly-disciplined
by August 1640, the Kingβs forces had mustered in Yorkshire and Northumberland, most of them poorly-armed, unpaid and underfed
the Earl of Strafford coerced the Irish parliament into granting funds to raise an Irish army but it was not ready in time to take part in the campaign against Scotland
the Scots were able to occupy Newcastle/morale in the English army was shattered.
Explain6 marks2018Q28War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why there were challenges to royal authority in England during the reign of Charles I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons (or a combination of these).
Possible reasons
King Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings which annoyed Parliament because they objected to the power it gave him
Charlesβ period of Personal Rule (1629-1640) increased opposition because he ruled without consulting Parliament for 11 years
Charlesβ personality caused problems because he was considered extravagant and Parliament accused him of wasting money
the foreign policy of Charles I (eg war with Spain was unpopular and caused opposition in Parliament because they mostly failed)
the money raising methods of Charles (forced loans, Ship Money, Tonnage and Poundage) led to opposition as they were deemed unfair
Charles attempted to reform the Church by introducing religious policies which were opposed by Parliament and Puritans because they believed they were returning to more Catholic-like ceremonies
Charles showed favouritism to some individuals at court (eg Buckingham, who was distrusted by Parliament leading to distrust of Charles).
Describe4 marks2018Q29War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Describe the events of the St Gilesβ riot in Edinburgh in 1637.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 4 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing four straightforward points, by making two developed points (or a combination of these).
Possible points of knowledge
on 23 July 1637 in St Giles Cathedral, the Sunday service used the New Prayer Book introduced by Charles I
the Dean of the Cathedral began to read from the book but was shouted down by some women in the congregation (shouting βthe mass has come amongst usβ)
the Bishop of Edinburgh climbed the pulpit to try and appease the crowd
members of the congregation began to throw Bibles at him
Jenny Geddes threw a stool at the Bishop (shouting βhow dare you say mass in ma lugβ)
bailiffs attempted to restore order and threw the rioters out
the service continued but rioters were banging on doors outside and throwing stones at the windows.
Compare the views4 marks2018Q30War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Compare the views of Sources B and C about the reasons why people joined sides in the English Civil War.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Sources B and C are about the reasons why people joined sides during the English Civil War.
Between 1642 and 1646 England was torn apart by a civil war. The Kingβs supporters included the gentry because they saw him as defender of the social order. Others supported him because of religious reasons with more conservative Protestants and some Catholics defending his religious policies. Then there were those who joined up purely because they sincerely believed in the cause of the King, which was to maintain his royal authority.
Source C
Religion was an important reason for choosing sides in the civil war. The Parliamentarians were against the Kingβs religious policies and many Puritans joined them to fight against changes to the church. However, for some religion did not matter, they were more attracted by the Parliamentariansβ attitudes to challenging the class system. A few joined the civil war only to make money but the majority believed in the royal cause.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or viewpoint the sources agree or disagree on and should be given 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be given a second mark.
Candidates may achieve full marks by making four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons (or by a combination of these).
Overall: Overall the sources agree on the reasons why people joined sides on the outbreak of the civil war.
Points of comparison
agree
Source B: The Kingβs supporters included the gentry because they saw him as defender of the social order.
Source C: However, for some religion did not matter, they were more attracted by the Parliamentariansβ attitudes to challenging the class system.
agree
Source B: Others supported him because of religious reasons with more conservative Protestants and some Catholics defending his religious policies.
Source C: The Parliamentarians were against the Kingβs religious policies and many Puritans joined them to fight against changes to the church.
agree
Source B: Then there were those who joined up purely because they sincerely believed in the cause of the King, which was to maintain his royal authority.
Source C: A few joined the civil war only to make money but the majority believed in the royal cause.
Evaluate the usefulness6 marks2017Q24β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of the arguments between Parliament and King James VI and I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on what type of source it is, who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say and what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from the Protestation of 1621, a statement from the House of Commons of England.
After many years of growing discontent we the members assemble in Parliament to make our protest formally. The privileges of Parliament are our ancient birth right. Matters concerning the king, state, defence, the church and the making of laws are for debating in Parliament only. And that, if any of its members are questioned for anything said or done in Parliament, the same is to be applied to the king.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 6 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to the content of the source; a maximum of 2 marks for points of significant omission.
Author/Type/Purpose/Timing
Author: House of Commons β Useful because it is from eyewitnesses who were in dispute with the king
Type of Source: Official statement β Useful because it is an official government statement which outlines the concerns of parliament and will therefore be truthful/perhaps less useful as it may be biased
Purpose: To persuade β Useful because it attempts to justify the position of Parliament/perhaps less useful as it is not balanced
Timing: 1621 β Useful because it is a primary source from the time when there were disputes between King James VI and I and Parliament
Points from the source
privileges of Parliament are our ancient birth right β Useful because it is accurate (Parliament was concerned that the king was trying to limit its power)
Matters concerning the king, state, defence, the church and the making of laws are for debating in Parliament only β Useful because it is accurate (Parliament did want to retain the right to debate certain state matters which the king opposed)
if any of its members are questioned for anything said or done in Parliament, the same is to be applied to the king β Useful because it is accurate (Parliament did believe the king should be accountable to Parliament as much as they were to him)
Points of significant omission
James formally deleted the Protestation from the journals of Parliament
James dissolved Parliament demonstrating he did not agree with their protests
James and Parliament argued over the rights of the King with the King stressing his 'divine right' to rule
other issues that Parliament and the King argued over (eg the Spanish match/war in Europe)
Explain6 marks2017Q25β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why Charles I was unpopular in Scotland.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
there was resentment towards the Anglican High Church ceremony that was part of Charles' coronation
Resentment of Charles as an absentee monarch
Scots suspicion that Charles wanted to be an absolute monarch
Charles demanded that Ministers accept and use the new Prayer Book, which was unpopular amongst the Ministers
there was public opposition to the introduction of the new Prayer Book (eg 1637 St Giles riots)
the Scottish clergy opposed the requirement to wear gowns and surplices as dictated by Laud's Canons
resentment at the abolition of Presbyteries and the threat of dissolution
Charles introduced Bishops into the Scottish Church which was opposed
Charles ruled that the General Assembly was not allowed to meet which caused opposition
Charles imposed the Act of Revocation which took back church or royal property that had been alienated since 1540, this angered the Church
resentment towards the money raising methods of Charles (eg Ship Money)
To what extent8 marks2017Q26β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent were financial disputes between Charles I and Parliament the main reason for the outbreak of the Civil War?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(You must use recalled knowledge to present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 8 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must use knowledge to present a balanced assessment of the influence of different possible factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.
Up to 5 marks are allocated for relevant points of knowledge used to support factors (but one mark should be deducted if the process is not clear in at least two factors). 1 mark should be given for each relevant, factual key point of knowledge used to support a factor. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be given for relevant points of knowledge.
Up to 3 marks: 1 mark for a structured answer with knowledge organised in support of different factors; 1 mark for a conclusion with a valid judgement or overall summary; 1 mark for a reason provided in support of the judgement.
Financial disputes
arguments over the buying of titles, rich men were persuaded to buy titles and if they refused they were fined the same sum of money it would have cost for a title
in 1635 Charles ordered that everyone in the country should pay Ship Money. This tax was only meant to be paid by coastal towns but Charles insisted inland areas were also to pay, which caused resentment/led to arrests of some MPs eg Hampden
April 1640 Charles called for a Parliament to grant the money needed to fight a war in Scotland. Parliament refused and cited Laud and Strafford as men who were abusing the authority that had been given to them.
Religious disputes
King Charles was married to Roman Catholic Henrietta Maria of France who was given free rein to practise her religion, this led to distrust over the religious loyalty of Charles
Charles preferred a High Anglican form of worship with ceremonies and rituals that made some believe he was leaning towards Catholicism, this upset the Protestants and Puritans/Charles also clashed with the Scots over the issue of the new Prayer Book this angered the Scots so much that they invaded England in 1639
the Appointment of Laud (who also preferred High Anglican worship) as Archbishop of Canterbury, brought about much opposition/Laud attempted to impose High Anglican forms of worship which were opposed by the Protestants eg the new Prayer Book and the wearing of vestments
Political disputes
in 1629 Charles refused to let Parliament meet. Members of Parliament arrived at Westminster to find that the doors had been locked with large chains and padlocks. They were locked out for eleven years
Parliament also demanded that Charles get rid of the Court of Star Chamber, which Charles used to rule without Parliament
in 1642, Charles went to Parliament with 300 soldiers to arrest his five biggest critics. Parliament had been tipped off and the five men had already fled to the safety of the city of London β this angered Parliament that the King was trying to deny them the right to speak out against him
King's character
Parliament considered Charles to be arrogant and conceited so they had a particularly bad relationship/Charles considered the poor relationships between his father and Parliament to be the fault of Parliament so did not trust them
Parliament and the King clashed over Charles' strong belief in the Divine Rights of Kings.
Compare the views4 marks2016Q20β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Compare the views of Sources A and B about the reign of King Charles I.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.)
Tip: Highlight 2β3 points of comparison β either where the sources agree OR where they disagree. You do not need both; pick one set and compare them point by point.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Sources A and B are about the reign of King Charles I.
The reign of Charles I began with an unpopular friendship with the Duke of Buckingham. He used his influence with the King to control the nobility. Buckingham was assassinated in 1628. There was ongoing tension with Parliament over money, made worse by the costs of war abroad. Religious tensions led to further resentment of Charles I as he preferred Anglican forms of worship which made Puritans suspicious.
Source B
Charles I was a very religious man who enjoyed Anglican church services full of ritual, and this led to clashes with Puritans who preferred plain and simple services. Charles also angered many by having favourites at court, particularly the Duke of Buckingham. In 1628 Buckingham was assassinated. Charlesβ constant arguments with Parliament led him to rule without Parliament for eleven years. Charles also angered many with the methods he used to raise money.
Overall, do the sources agree or disagree? (worth a mark for an overall comparison)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Compare the views Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Overall, Sources X and Y [agree/disagree] about words from the question.β 1 mark (overall)
The sources agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
The sources also agree/disagree about statement summarising the point. Source X says βdirect quoteβ and Source Y [agrees/disagrees] when it says βdirect quoteβ.β 1β2 marks
How it's marked
1 mark for a simple comparison (what the sources agree/disagree about).
2 marks for a developed comparison, supported by specific references to each source.
Full marks by four simple comparisons, two developed comparisons, or a combination.
π‘One set of points will agree, one will disagree.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 4 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make direct comparisons of the two sources, either overall or in detail.
A simple comparison will indicate what points of detail or overall viewpoint they agree or disagree about and should be given 1 mark.
A developed comparison of the points of detail or overall viewpoint should be given 2 marks.
Overall: The sources agree that the reign of Charles was unpopular
Points of comparison
agree
Source A: The reign of Charles I began with an unpopular friendship with the Duke of Buckingham/ Buckingham was assassinated in 1628
Source B: Charles also angered many by having favourites at court, particularly the Duke of Buckingham/ In 1628 Buckingham was assassinated
agree
Source A: There was ongoing tension with Parliament over money (made worse by the costs of war abroad)
Source B: Charles also angered many with the methods he used to raise money
agree
Source A: Religious tensions led to further resentment of Charles I as he preferred Anglican forms of worship which made Puritans suspicious
Source B: Charles I was a very religious man who enjoyed Anglican church services full of ritual, and this led to clashes with Puritans who preferred plain and simple services
Explain5 marks2016Q21β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why there was opposition to the methods used by Charles I to raise money.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Possible reasons
ship money β only to be collected in times of war and from coastal areas β Charles began to collect it from inland areas, in times of peace and on a yearly basis
forest fines imposed on people living in areas that had been forests in the distant past (14th century)
distraint of Knighthood fines β fining people if they did not accept knighthoods (Knights had to provide loans to the Crown)
nuisances β in London people who had built outside of the original walls were forced to buy a licence to βcommit a nuisanceβ
monopolies β reappeared in different forms, the most resented being the soap monopoly
Court of Wards β the much disliked Court of Wards doubled its income (to Β£76,000)
plantations β 1632 City of London was fined for failing to push forward the plantation of Ulster (finding Protestant families to take over land in Ireland)
customs farmers β customs farmers gave the Crown a larger sum in exchange for the right to collect the customs, these extra dues were passed on to the merchants to pay
many disliked new taxation caused by King and courtβs love of luxury (eg banquets, clothes, foreign dynastic wars)
Describe5 marks2016Q22β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Describe the reaction in Scotland to the introduction of the New Prayer Book in 1637.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for any point that is developed.
Possible points of knowledge
riot in St. Giles Cathedral saw men and women assault the Dean of St. Giles whilst reading from the New Prayer Book
other potential violence in the north as Bishop of Brechin threatened his congregation with two loaded pistols as he read from the new service
emergency body was formed to organise opposition to the New Prayer Book β βThe Tablesβ members were chosen from the Scottish Parliament
Petitions organised and sent to Charles
National Covenant for the Defence of True religion was drawn up in 1638
General Assembly of the Kirk banned the New Prayer Book in 1638
Charles decided to use force against the Scots in 1638 (First Bishopsβ War), caused further opposition
How fully6 marks2016Q23β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source C describe the events of the Battle of Edgehill in 1642?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source C
Source C is about the Battle of Edgehill in 1642.
The King ordered his army to occupy the high ridge on Edgehill, hoping that the Parliamentarian army would be forced to attack uphill. Instead the Parliamentarian army was arranged on flat ground 2 miles away, waiting for the King to make the first move. The Parliamentary army was commanded by the Earl of Essex who had gained experience of commanding an army during the First Bishopsβ War. Essexβs decision to wait forced the King to take action. The King moved his army down off the ridge and attacked.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers in which no judgement has been made or which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
the King ordered his army to occupy the high ridge on Edgehill, hoping that the Parliamentarian army would be forced to attack uphill
Parliament arranged their army on flat ground
Essex decided to wait for the King to make the first move
Essexβs decision to wait forced the King to take action/the King moved his army down off the ridge and attacked
Points of significant omission
Royalist cavalry on the right wing charged into Parliamentarian cavalry causing them to flee
Royalist cavalry pursued the Parliamentarians to village of Kineton/3 miles away
Royalist left wing cavalry scattered by right wing of Parliamentarian army
Parliamentarians now had the only effective cavalry left on the field
Royalist cavalry drifted back from Kineton to find the situation had altered greatly
night came and exhausted soldiers stopped fighting
3000 men had died, many wounded or fled
battle ended in a draw β both sides moved towards London the next day
Charlesβ army was prevented from capturing London
Describe5 marks2015Q25β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Describe the changes to the ways Scotland and England were governed after the Union of the Crowns.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Describe Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)
One words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A second words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A third words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
A fourth words from the question was β¦β 1 mark
Example: One use of new technology on the Western Front during the First World War was mustard gas, which was used to blind soldiers and make it more difficult for them to fight.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark for each point that is developed.
Full marks by four straightforward points, two developed points, or a combination.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each accurate relevant key point of knowledge.
A second mark should be given for each point that is developed, up to a maximum of 5 marks.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward points, by making three developed points, or a combination of these.
Possible points of knowledge
no new institutions or government structures were put in place (except that, when parliament met, a royal βcommissionerβ represented the King)
a postal service was established between Edinburgh and London to keep the King in touch with his government in Edinburgh (the origins of the Royal Mail)
James declared himself to be βKing of Great Britainβ, although for legal reasons, the separate kingdoms of Scotland and England continued to exist
King was based in London so rarely visited Scotland after his coronation
Scotland was to be ruled by a Privy Council
Privy Council ensured the Kingβs will was followed in Scotland
Parliament was brought under strict royal control
Parliament was run by a small committee called the Committee of Articles (Lords of the Articles)
Committee/Lords of the Articles could only suggest new laws for Scotland
the King chose the Lords and bishops to become part of the Committee/Lords of the Articles
Evaluate the usefulness5 marks2015Q26β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of James VI and Iβs belief in the Divine Right of Kings.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say or what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a book written by King James VI and I.
The power of the monarchy is the supreme authority on Earth. To question what God may do is to show disrespect to God. Therefore it is treason for a Kingβs subjects to challenge what a King may or may not do. A good King will make decisions according to the law, but he is not obliged to follow that law unless he sees fit to do so.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make a judgement about the usefulness of the source and support this by making evaluative comments on identified aspects of the source.
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 5 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks each may be given for comments relating to the content of the source and to points of significant omission.
Author: King James VI and I
Useful because it is written by King James himself who had a strong personal belief in the Divine Right of Kings/eyewitness
Type of Source: Book
Useful because it has been researched (written specifically to outline the Kingβs beliefs in Divine Right)
Purpose: To inform
Less useful because it is a biased view
Timing: 1598
Useful because it is written at the time when the King was asserting his belief in the Divine Right of Kings
Content
The power of the monarchy is the supreme authority on Earth β Useful because it accurately outlines the power of the King as being the highest power on earth
It is treason for a Kingβs subjects to challenge what a King may or may not do β Useful because it accurately states that the Kingβs authority cannot be challenged
King is not obliged to follow that law unless he sees fit to do so β Useful because it accurately illustrates the belief that the King is above earthly law
Points of significant omission
Even if a king behaved badly no one could criticise him, only God could punish him
God bestows on a king the right to rule
The king is not subject to the will of his people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm, including (in the view of some, especially in Protestant countries) the Church
Explain5 marks2015Q27β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why Charles I faced opposition to his rule in Scotland.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing five straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
the General Assembly was not allowed to meet which caused resentment
resentment at Charlesβ money raising methods (e.g. Ship Money)
Scottish nobles resented Charlesβ Act of Revocation whereby church lands which had been alienated since 1540 had to be returned to the Crown
Charlesβ coronation in Edinburgh was a High Church ceremony based on Anglican forms and Scottish Presbyterians were suspicious of Anglican ideas
Charles demanded that Scottish Ministers accept and use the new English Prayer Book which caused a great deal of resentment and some riots in Edinburgh
Scottish clergy opposed Laudβs Canons and their requirement to wear gowns and surplices because it seemed too Catholic
Bishops were to be introduced into the Scottish Church which was resented by the Scots
rejection of the Canons was included in the National Covenant for the Defence of True Religion in 1638 and was signed by thousands because they wanted to protect Scottish religious practices
How fully5 marks2015Q28β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
How fully does Source B describe the events that led to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1642?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(Use Source B and recall.)
Tip: Highlight up to 3 pieces of evidence from the source (worth up to 3 marks) β then recall 3 points the source leaves out.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source B
Source B describes the events that led to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1642.
In June 1642 the Long Parliament passed a set of demands called the Nineteen Proposals. These demands called for the Kingβs powers to be reduced and more control to be given to Parliament. This event divided Parliament between those who supported the Nineteen Proposals and those who thought Parliament had gone too far. Parliament and Charles then began to raise their own armies. People were then forced to choose sides and on 22nd August 1642 the King raised his standard at Nottingham.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
How fully Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the sourceomission β your own recall
Overall, Source X partly words from the question.β needed for full marks
Source X says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
Source X also says βdirect quoteβ which meant that β¦β 1 mark (from source)
However, Source X doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
Source X also doesnβt mention fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark (omission)
How it's marked
Up to 3 marks for points from the source that support your judgement.
Up to 4 marks for points of significant omission from recall.
Maximum 2 marks if no judgement is made, or if you refer only to the source.
π‘Use the source AND recall.
π‘Quote and then explain β show you understand it, donβt just repeat it.
π‘You must make a judgement (e.g. βthe source partly explainsβ¦β) or you are capped at 2 marks.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 5 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must make an overall judgement about how fully the source explains the events.
1 mark may be given for each valid point interpreted from the source or each valid point of significant omission provided.
Up to 3 marks for interpretation of relevant parts of the source where at least one point of significant omission is also identified.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for answers which refer only to the source.
Points from the source
the demands in the Nineteen Proposals divided Parliament (between those who supported the Nineteen Proposals and those who thought Parliament had gone too far)
Parliament and Charles then began to raise their own armies
People were then forced to choose sides
Points of significant omission
the King dissolved the parliament in 1640 (Short Parliament) after only 3 weeks
activities of the Long Parliament angered the King (e.g. arrest and imprisonment of Archbishop Laud/arrest and imprisonment of Strafford)
The Grand Remonstrance in November 1641 divided the House of Commons
rumours over the causes of the Irish rebellion in November 1641 angered Protestants who thought the King was behind it
attempted arrest of 5 Members of Parliament in January 1642 angered Parliament
Parliaments decision to throw Bishops out of the House of Lords in February 1642 divided the House of Commons
Parliament took control of the army in March 1642 without the Kings consent
To what extent8 marks2014Q1β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
To what extent were arguments between King James VI and I and Parliament the result of religious differences?
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.amber = the isolated factor to weigh up.
(You must use recalled knowledge to present a balanced account of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.)
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
To what extent / How important / How successful Β· Appears in 2 sections
WFQ (words from the question)a factor
There are several reasons why words from the question. These include the isolated factor, FACTOR 2, and FACTOR 3.β 1 mark (introduction)
Some historians think the isolated factor was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact (up to 5)
However, other historians think FACTOR 2 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 mark (balance) + 1 KU per fact
Other historians think FACTOR 3 was words from the question because _____. Also _____.β 1 KU mark per fact
Overall, the isolated factor / FACTOR 2 / FACTOR 3 was the most important words from the question. This is because [reason why β does not need to be new].β 2 marks (conclusion)
How it's marked
5 marks for knowledge β 1 KU mark for each accurate, developed fact you give to support your factors (not too brief). If only one factor is presented, max 3 for knowledge.
Structure marks: 1 for an introduction, 1 for balance (more than one factor), 2 for a conclusion (1 for a valid judgement, 1 for a reason supporting it).
π‘It is asking: one factor is a reason β but there are others, so decide which was MOST important.
π‘Each fact you add (including every "Alsoβ¦") earns a KU mark, as long as it is developed and not too brief β up to 5.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 8 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must use knowledge to present a balanced assessment of the influence of different possible factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.
Up to 5 marks are allocated for relevant points of knowledge used to address the question. 1 mark should be given for each relevant, factual key point of knowledge used to support a factor. If only one factor is presented, a maximum of 3 marks should be given for relevant points of knowledge.
Up to 3 marks should be given for presenting the answer in a structured way, leading to a conclusion which addresses the question: 1 mark for the answer being presented in a structured way, with knowledge being organised in support of different factors; 1 mark given for a valid judgement or overall conclusion; 1 mark given for a reason being provided in support of the conclusion.
Religious differences
Some in Parliament were offended by James' belief in the Divine Right of Kings
Millenary Petition 1603 demanded changes to church practices β rejected by James VI and I
Archbishops Canons β clergy had to subscribe to 39 articles and Prayer Book, James licensed the Canons, which provoked the clergy
1622 β Direction of Preachers issued, gave Bishops more control, which worried Puritans
Demands of Presbyterians for the removal of Bishops
Demands from Catholics for more lenient treatment
Gunpowder plot
Financial grievances
Extravagant spending and debts built up by James eg clothing banquets
Gave money and power to his favourites at court
Bates Case 1606 β judges agreed that impositions (new source of revenue of additional tax on imports and exports) were legal
Failure of Great Contract 1610 β reciprocal distrust
Monopolies caused anger and resentment
Political factors
James dismissed Parliament in 1610
Failure of 'Addled Parliament' in 1614
James' insistence on creating a legal and administrative Union with Scotland caused suspicions in England
Explain6 marks2014Q2β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Explain the reasons why Charles I was an unpopular monarch by 1640.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Explain Β· Appears in all 3 sections
WFQ (words from the question)your own recalled knowledge
One reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A second reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A third reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fourth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A fifth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
A sixth reason why words from the question was fact which meant that β¦β 1 mark
Example: One reason why women gained the vote in 1918 was that women burned down buildings like cricket pavilions, which meant that they gained publicity for the cause of votes for women.
How it's marked
1 mark for each accurate, relevant reason.
A second mark for each reason that is developed.
Each sentence/point must answer the question on its own.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
Candidates must show a causal relationship between events.
1 mark should be given for each accurate, relevant reason, and a second mark should be given for reasons that are developed.
Candidates may achieve full marks by providing six straightforward reasons, three developed reasons, or a combination of these.
Possible reasons
Believed in the Divine Right of Kings, which was resented
Married to Henrietta Maria β a Catholic, unpopular with Protestants
Spending habits eg paintings and expensive clothes were resented
1629-1640 β ruled without Parliament (Personal Rule), so was unpopular
Forced Ship Money, those who refused went to prison, created resentment
Appointed Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury, who was unpopular
Laud changed Church of England services (statues, music and candles introduced) β offended some Protestants
Introduced New Prayer Book - in Scotland this caused riots
Scots attacked English because of religious changes (Bishops' Wars)
Charles called Parliament to get money to fight the Scots, which was resented
Earl of Strafford ruled Ireland for Charles β Strafford unpopular with the Irish and the Long Parliament
Evaluate the usefulness6 marks2014Q3β³ Older formatWar of the Three Kingdoms, 1603β1651
Evaluate the usefulness of Source A as evidence of what happened at Drogheda in Ireland during the Civil War.
WFQ = words from the question β reuse in every point.
(You may want to comment on who wrote it, when they wrote it, why they wrote it, what they say or what has been missed out.)
Tip: Highlight up to 2 content points you would quote (content is worth up to 2 marks) β then consider author, purpose, timing and omission.
Highlight evidence β tap the text:
Source A
Source A is from a letter dated 17 September 1649, written by Oliver Cromwell to the House of Commons.
Our army came to Drogheda on 3rd September. On Monday 9th the battering guns began. I sent Sir Arthur Aston a request to surrender the town but received no satisfactory answer. Our guns then beat down the corner tower, and made gaps in the east and south walls. On the following day, after some fierce fighting, we entered the town. Several of the enemy, including Sir Arthur Aston, retreated into Mill Mount, a place very difficult to attack.
π RAT sheet β how to structure your answerβΎ
Evaluate the usefulness Β· Appears in 2 sections
Remember COAT
πContent β what the source says
π«Omission β what the source leaves out
βοΈAuthor β who wrote it
πTiming β when it was written
WFQ (words from the question)quote from the source
Source X says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X also says β_____β. This is useful as it is accurate information about words from the question.β 1 mark (content)
Source X omits _____. This makes the source less useful. Source X also omits _____. This makes the source less useful.β 1 mark (omission)
Source X was written by _____. This makes the source useful because they have personal / professional experience of, or are an expert in, words from the question.β 1 mark (author)
Source X was written in _____. This is useful as it was during the time of / has the benefit of hindsight about words from the question.β 1 mark (timing)
How it's marked
Maximum 4 marks for comments on author, type of source, purpose and timing.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on the content of the source.
Maximum 2 marks for comments on points of significant omission.
π‘You can also comment on the Purpose and Type of source.
β Reveal marking schemeβΎ
Max 6 marks
These are possible/exemplar answers from the marking instructions β other valid points can also gain marks.
How marks are awarded
1 mark should be given for each relevant comment made, up to a maximum of 6 marks in total.
A maximum of 4 marks can be given for evaluative comments relating to the author, type of source, purpose and timing.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for comments relating to the content of the source.
A maximum of 2 marks may be given for points of significant omission.
Aspects of the source
Author: Oliver Cromwell β Useful as he was the leader of the Parliamentary forces (who was an extreme Puritan and who hated the Irish Catholics)
Type of Source: Letter (to the House of Commons) β Useful as an official account of the events of the battle, so should be accurate/less useful as may be biased based on Cromwell's actions
Purpose: To inform β Useful as provides reasons for victory at Drogheda/Cromwell justifying his actions
Timing: September 1649 β Useful as written soon after the battle took place
Content
On Monday 9th the battering guns began/Our guns then beat down the corner tower, and made gaps in the east and south walls β Useful as it provides accurate details of when the battle began/weapons used
I sent Sir Arthur Aston a request to surrender the town but received no satisfactory answer β Useful as Sir Arthur Aston ignored Cromwell's order to surrender
On the following day, after some fierce fighting, we entered the town/several of the enemy, including Sir Arthur Aston, retreated into Mill Mount β Useful as it describes the successful storming of the city by Cromwell's forces
Points of significant omission
Cromwell ordered his men to kill everyone remaining in the town who had weapons
Cromwell's men killed approximately 2000 men after the surrender
The Church of St. Peters was set on fire, burning alive a group of defenders who had barricaded themselves in
Parliamentarian losses are regarded to be around 150
Sir Arthur Aston reported to have been beaten to death with his own wooden leg
