2015 exam paper

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. Councils provide services such as education. [1 mark - accurate but undeveloped point]
2. Councils provide services such as education. They provide education from 3-18 in schools. [2 marks - accurate with development]
3. Dundee City is one of Scotland's 32 local councils. Education is a key service. Nurseries, primary and secondary schools are all funded by the Council. They employ the teachers and people such as janitors to provide the service. [3 marks - accurate point with development and detailed exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Some pupils may refer to the types of services and should be credited for this.
2. Mandatory services - such as schooling for 5 - 16 year olds, social work services.
3. Discretionary services – swimming pools, mobile libraries.
4. Permissive powers such as economic development, recreation services; and, Regulatory powers - Local Authorities provide regulatory services such as trading standards and environmental health and issue licences for taxis and public houses.
5. Councils deliver a wide range of valuable services to their local area. The main services they provide, in addition to their regulatory and licensing functions, are:
6. Education
7. Social Work
8. Roads and transport
9. Economic Development
10. Housing and the Built Environment
11. The Environment
12. Libraries
13. Waste management
14. Arts, Culture and Sport
15. Councils also work with external agencies such as the police and fire service to provide community safety.
16. Any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. People may choose to use the media to influence people. [1 mark - accurate but undeveloped point]
2. People may join a trade union to protect their rights at work eg teachers join the EIS. [2 marks - accurate with development]
3. People may join a trade union to protect their rights at work eg teachers join the EIS. They might do this because they feel that they are not getting paid enough money and that the union will take action for them eg talking to their employers. [3 marks - accurate point with development and exemplification]
4. People may choose to join a pressure group such as Greenpeace because they are worried about the environment and they feel they can't make any difference on their own. Joining a pressure group means lots of people campaign together so they have more of an impact eg Greenpeace have 11,000 Scottish members, this gives them strength in numbers and increases their collective influence on the government. This makes them difficult to ignore. [4 marks - relevant accurate point with development, analysis and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Pressure Groups
2. Believe strongly about an issue such as human rights, the environment.
3. Collective action more effective than individual.
4. Media pay more attention to organised pressure groups.
5. Pressure groups have experience of campaigning etc.
6. Seen as the best way to influence government in between elections.
7. Trade Unions
8. Protect rights at work eg health and safety, pay, holidays, pensions.
9. TU have experience negotiating with management.
10. TU have legal teams you can use.
11. The Media
12. Use them to get wider attention for an issue you care about eg newspapers are widely read.
13. Legal way to get attention for your cause.
14. Local and national appeal.
15. Use of different media types eg Facebook campaigns.
16. Any other relevant factual key point of knowledge that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

For Option 1

1. I would choose Daisy as she has experience as a councillor. [1 mark -evidence drawn from Source 1]
2. In Source 1 Daisy says that health needs to improve as lives are being cut short. She is right as life expectancy is less in Glenlochy. [2 marks -evaluative terminology with limited evidence from Source 1 and Source 2]
3. In Source 1 Daisy states that "The lives of people in Glenlochy are being cruelly cut short". She is correct as Source 2 states life expectancy is only 77 years compared to 79 in the rest of Scotland, a significant difference of two years. [3 marks - evidence drawn from two Sources with detailed use of evidence and evaluative terminology]
4. Reference to aspects of the following will be credited:
5. Local Councillor [Source 1] – constituents want an experienced politician [Source 2].
6. Source 1 - "I will work to ensure that more women are elected" Source 2 - 54% agree.
7. 54% think the Scottish parliament needs more female MSPs [Source 2] and Daisy as a female would be a good choice [Source 1].
8. Source 1 - number of women working locally – Source 3 only 34% in Glenlochy but 45% in Scotland.
9. Source 1 - unemployment a problem – true as 9% unemployed in Glenlochy and 7% in Scotland [Source 3].
10. Childcare is a problem [Source 1] – 68% in Source 2 agree.

Against Option 1

1. Daisy claims a lack of internet access is an obvious barrier however Source 3 shows 3% more households in Glenlochy have access to the internet [2 marks].
2. A lack of internet access [Source 1] – but Source 3 shows 79% have access compared to 76% in Scotland.
3. Crime is not a concern [Source 1] but Source 2 shows 530 people attended a local meeting and raised valid concerns.
4. Crime is not a concern [Source 1] Source 2 - 65% disagree with her.
5. Daisy says health needs to improve but there are fewer long term illnesses in Glenlochy, 3% less than the UK [Source 3].
6. Community council say a legal background is necessary [Source 2] but Daisy doesn't have this [Source 1].

For Option 2

1. I would choose Tom because he is a lawyer and Source 2 says our new MSPs should have a legal background. [2 marks -evidence drawn from Sources 1 and 2]
2. Tom says that employment is a key issue which has to be improved [Source1]. He is right as Source 3 shows that unemployment is higher in Glenlochy. [2 marks - evidence drawn from Sources 1 and 3]
3. In Source 1 - Tom says that "Too few people are in full time work. He is right as Glenlochy's full time employment rate is 6% lower than the rest of Scotland according to Source 3. This is clearly a problem, especially as according to Source 2 there is only one major employer in the local area and it recently made 100 people redundant. [3 marks - evidence drawn from 3 Sources with detailed use of evidence and evaluative terminology]
4. Source 1 - Tom is a lawyer and Source 2 - local people worried about crime would like an MSP with a legal background.
5. Source 1 - too few people are in full time work and Source 3 shows only 42% working compared to 48%.
6. Source 1 - many relying on benefits and Source 3 shows 1.7% more claimants in Glenlochy compared to Scotland as whole.
7. Source 1 - crime is a major concern and Source 2 shows 530 people attended a meeting to voice concerns.
8. Source 1 - crime is a major concern and Source 2 shows 65% of people agree it's a problem.

Against Option 2

1. Tom claims that a lack of childcare isn't a problem in Glenlochy but 68% of local people think it is a major problem [2 marks].
2. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
3. "The majority of local people agree with me that elderly people are well cared for" [Source 1] but Source 2 shows only 35% agree.
4. Childcare not a problem [Source 1] – Source 2 68% feel it is.
5. Tom says too many are leaving school before S6 [Source 1] - this isn't the case according to Source 3 – 2% more stay to S6 than the Scottish average.
6. Many feel Glenlochy needs an experienced representative [Source 2] and Tom has no experience as a representative [Source 1].

For Option 1

1. I would choose Nora as she has experience as a councillor. [1 mark -evidence drawn from Source 1]
2. In Source 1 Nora says that health needs to improve as lives are being cut short. She is right as life expectancy is less in Millwood. [2 marks -evaluative terminology with limited evidence from Source 1 and Source 2]
3. In Source 1 Nora states that "The lives of people in Millwood are being cruelly cut short". She is correct as Source 2 states life expectancy is only 77 years compared to 80 in the rest of the UK, a significant difference of three years. [3 marks - evidence drawn from 2 Sources with detailed use of evidence and evaluative terminology].
4. Reference to aspects of the following will be credited:
5. Local Councillor [Source 1] – constituents want an experienced politician [Source 2].
6. Source 1 - more women are elected – Source 2 54% agree.
7. Source 1 - number of women working locally – Source 3 only 34% in Millwood but 45% in UK.
8. Source 1 - unemployment a problem; true as 9% unemployed in Millwood and 6% in UK [Source 3].
9. Childcare is a problem [Source 1] and 68% in Source 2 agree.

Against Option 1

1. Nora claims a lack of internet access is an obvious barrier however Source 3 shows 2% more households in Millwood have access to the internet [2 marks].
2. Source 1 - a lack of internet access Source 1 – but Source 3 shows 79% have access compared to 77% in UK.
3. Source 1 - crime is not a problem but Source 2 shows 530 people attended a local meeting and raised valid concerns.
4. Source 1 - crime is not a problem – Source 2 - 61% disagree with Nora.
5. Nora says health needs to improve but there are fewer long term illnesses in Millwood, 3% less than the UK [Source 3].
6. Community council say a legal background [Source 2] is necessary but Nora doesn't have this [Source 1].

For Option 2

1. I would choose John because he is a lawyer and Source 2 says our new MP should have a legal background. [2 marks -evidence drawn from Sources 1 and 2]
2. John says that employment is a key issue which has to be improved (Source1). He is right as Source 3 shows 9% of Millwood are unemployed compared to 6% of UK. [2 marks - evidence drawn from Sources 1 and 3].
3. In Source 1 John says that "Too few people are in full time work. He is right as Millwood's full time employment rate is 7% lower than the UK's. This is clearly a problem, especially as according to Source 2 there is only one major employer in the local area and it recently made 100 people redundant. [3 marks - evidence drawn from 3 Sources with detailed use of evidence and evaluative terminology].
4. Source 1 - John is a lawyer and Source 2 shows local people are worried about crime and would like an MP with a legal background.
5. Source 1 - too few people are in full time work and Source 3 shows only 42% working compared to 49%.
6. Source 1 - too many relying on benefits – Source 3 shows 2.3% more claimants in Millwood.
7. Source 1 - crime is a major concern and Source 2 shows 530 people attended a meeting to voice concerns.
8. Source 1 - crime is a major concern and 61% of people agree it's a problem [Source 2].

Against Option 2

1. John claims that a lack of childcare isn't a problem in Millwood but 68% of local people think it is a major problem [2 marks].
2. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).
3. The majority agree elderly are well cared for but Source 2 shows only 35% agree.
4. Childcare not a problem – Source 2 68% feel it is.
5. John says too many are leaving school before S6- this isn't the case according to Source 3 – 3% more stay to S6 than the UK average.

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. They examine government decisions. [1 mark - accurate but undeveloped point]
2. The Lords can delay government bills by a year if they disagree. [2 marks - accurate with development]
3. The Lords can contribute to government decision making as some of them can hold positions in the Cabinet and attend Cabinet meetings eg Baroness Stowell. Members of the House of Lords have been appointed to other government posts in recent years. [3 marks - accurate point with development and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Provides detailed scrutiny and discussion of legislation due to experience and expertise of members.
2. Can amend or reject legislation (limited by Parliament Acts).
3. Can introduce bills (not money bills).
4. May be able to force government to rethink legislation or policy as opposition in the Lords is often bad publicity for the government.
5. Peers can be appointed as government ministers and some do attend full cabinet meetings.
6. Any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. People may choose to use the media to influence people. [1 mark - accurate but undeveloped point]
2. People may join a trade union to protect their rights at work eg rail workers join the Rail, Maritime and Transport Union (RMT). [2 marks - accurate with development]
3. People may join a trade union to protect their rights at work eg rail workers join the Rail, Maritime and Transport Union (RMT). They might do this because they feel that they are not getting paid enough money and that the union will take action for them eg talking to their employers. [3 marks - accurate point with development and exemplification]
4. People may choose to join a pressure group such as Greenpeace because they are worried about the environment and they feel they can't make any difference on their own. Joining a pressure group means lots of people campaign together so they have more of an impact eg Greenpeace have 130,000 UK supporters, this gives them strength in numbers and increases their collective influence on the government. This makes them difficult to ignore. [4 marks - relevant accurate point with development, analysis and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Pressure Groups
2. Believe strongly about an issue such as human rights, the environment.
3. Collective action more effective than individual.
4. Media pay more attention to organised pressure groups.
5. Pressure groups have experience of campaigning etc.
6. Seen as the best way to influence government in between elections.
7. Trades Unions
8. Protect rights at work eg health and safety, pay, holidays, pensions.
9. TU have experience negotiating with management.
10. TU have legal teams you can use.
11. The Media
12. Use them to get wider attention for an issue you care about eg newspapers are widely read.
13. Legal way to get attention for your cause.
14. Local and national appeal.
15. Use of different media types eg Facebook campaigns.
16. Any other relevant factual key point of knowledge that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Evidence to support the view of Kristen Nunez

1. In the USA levels of crime have fallen sharply. [1 mark – accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development]
2. In the USA levels of crime have fallen sharply. A study from Harvard University says there is no evidence which proves widespread gun ownership among the general population leads to higher incidents of murder. [2 marks – accurate use of information from different parts of Source 1]
3. In the USA levels of crime have fallen sharply. A study from Harvard University says there is no evidence which proves widespread gun ownership among the general population leads to higher incidents of murder. This is backed by Source 2 which shows that France has comparatively few gun deaths and they allow gun ownership. [3 marks – accurate use of information from Sources 1 and 2]
4. Credit reference to aspects of the following:
5. France allows gun ownership but has the second lowest murder rate [Source 3].
6. France allows gun ownership but has approximately one third of the violent crime that Russia has [Source 3].
7. USA has the highest gun ownership rate but has less than half the murder rate that Russia has [Source 3].

Evidence to oppose the view of Kirsten Nunez

1. In Source 1 The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence found that the U.S. firearm homicide rate is 20 times higher than the combined rates of 22 countries with similar levels of wealth. [1 mark – accurate use of Source 1 but minimal development]
2. Kristen is wrong as Japan is clearly the safest country as it has by far the lowest murder rate and it does not allow guns of any kind. [2 marks – accurate use of information from two different Sources]
3. USA allows gun ownership but has the highest rates of robbery [Source 3].
4. Brazil allows guns but has the second highest rate of violent crime and the highest murder rate [Source3]. Also from Source 2 it has the highest gun deaths.
5. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Evidence to support the view of Ted King

1. Two aid workers were shot dead in Afghanistan. [1 mark – accurate source of Source 1 but minimal development]
2. Afghanistan is a drug producer and it is more dangerous because two aid workers were shot dead in Afghanistan while the murder rate in the USA (a drug using country) has halved. [2 marks – accurate use of information from different parts of Source 1]
3. Afghanistan is a drug producer and it is more dangerous because two aid workers were shot dead. Afghanistan also has the second highest number of violent kidnappings. This figure is three times higher than for the highest drug using country, the USA. [3 marks – accurate use of information from Sources 1 and 3 with evaluative comment.]
4. Credit reference to aspects of the following:
5. Colombia has "no-go" areas (Source 1).
6. Colombia has highest murder rate (Source 3).
7. Colombia has highest kidnapping rate (Source 3).
8. All three producers have very high kidnappings (Source 3).
9. El Salvador (user) has reduced its murder rate by 80% (Source 1).
10. USA (user) murder rate has fallen (Source 1).

Evidence to oppose the view of Ted King

1. The USA is more dangerous as it has the most drug related crime at 104 per 100,000. This is nearly double the highest drug producing country, Colombia. [2 marks – accurate use of Source 2 with evaluative comment]
2. Ted is wrong as the USA is more dangerous. One gang member admitted killing forty people and it has far more serious assaults at 874. [2 marks – accurate use of information from two different Sources]
3. Ted is clearly wrong as the USA (not a drug producer) is more dangerous. One gang member admitted killing forty people and it has far more serious assaults than any of the drug producers at 874. The highest figure in the drug producing countries is 100 in Peru which is only around a ninth of the USA figure. [3 marks – accurate use of information from two sources with evaluative comment]
4. President says Afghanistan is safer (Source 1).
5. Lowest total crime rates are in Colombia and Peru (Source 2).
6. USA has highest total crime rate (Source 2).
7. USA has most drug crime (Source 2).
8. Afghanistan has the lowest murder rate (Source 3).
9. USA has the most serious assaults (Source 3).
10. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. African people living in poverty often go hungry. [1 mark—accurate but undeveloped point]
2. During a conflict many people have become refugees as their homes have been destroyed by armed forces. [2 marks—accurate point with development]
3. Many children in countries like Botswana have been left orphaned by AIDS. This has denied them an education and resulted in a lifetime of poverty. Their health will also be affected as they will be unable to afford healthcare. [3 marks—accurate point with development and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Poverty
2. Ill-health
3. Crime/violent assault/murder/rape
4. Child soldiers/child labour/child abduction
5. Loss of family
6. Homeless
7. Terrorism
8. Piracy
9. Nuclear Weapons
10. Refugees
11. Loss of liberty/kidnapping
12. Loss of property/business/job
13. No marks should be awarded for the identification of the world issue or problem.
14. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. The conflict in Ukraine has not been solved by the EU as Russia is providing arms to the rebels. [1 mark — accurate but undeveloped point]
2. The UN has tried to stop the recent Israel/Palestine conflict by arranging peace talks. It failed as Israel was determined to stop rockets being fired at its territory and ignored the invitation to the peace talks. [2 marks — accurate point with development]
3. Piracy is a big problem off the coast of Somalia. The NATO naval task force has been successful as it has around 25 warships which patrol the area and protect shipping. NATO ships have reduced the problem but the area involved is so large and the Somali's are so poor it is probably impossible to stop it totally. [4 marks — accurate point with development, exemplification and analysis]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Libya – success as NATO military power was too much for Libya.
2. Libya – failure as tribal/religious rivalries making progress difficult.
3. Syria – failure of the UN to agree collective action – Russian veto.
4. Syria – the UN have been successful in feeding refugees as they are in neighbouring countries which have offered assistance and are easier to reach.
5. Terrorism – success as vast resources committed by NATO.
6. Terrorism - failure – religious/ethnic/political feelings are too strong and cannot be easily controlled. Extremists are willing to give their own lives, which is difficult to combat.
7. Child Soldiers – War Child has been successful in the Democratic Republic of Congo in that they have accommodated, rehabilitated and reintegrated children who have been displaced from their homes due to conflict.
8. Child Soldiers – failure – much of the DR Congo is still desperately poor and still in conflict.
9. No marks should be awarded for the identification of the world issue or conflict.
10. Any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. CHINA
2. Other countries rely on China for trade. [1 mark - accurate but undeveloped point]
3. North Korea relies on China for both military aid and for food supplies to feed its population. [2 marks – accurate point with exemplification]
4. China now manufactures more goods than any other country in the world eg 70% of the world's toys and 50% of the world's clothes. Consumers in places like the USA and the EU rely on China for cheap goods. [3 marks – accurate point with development and exemplification]
5. RUSSIA
6. Other countries rely on Russia for gas supply. [1 mark - accurate but undeveloped point]
7. Russia has political influence in the UN. This is because it has a permanent place in the UNSC. [2 marks – accurate point with exemplification]
8. The government of Ukraine wanted to build closer economic ties with Western Europe. The recent unrest in Ukraine was a result of conflict between some of their people, who want to stay close to Russia, and their government. Russia has used its military power to arm some Ukrainians which has encouraged a civil war in the eastern parts of the country. [3 marks – accurate point with development and exemplification]
9. USA
10. Other countries rely on the USA for military support. [1 mark - accurate but undeveloped point]
11. The US Dollar is like an international currency. Oil is sold in dollars per barrel. [2 marks –accurate point with exemplification]
12. The United States has a 'special relationship' with the United Kingdom, a phrase used to describe the close political and economic relations between both countries. Britain has been the USA's strongest supporter in the War on Terror eg bombing IS in Iraq and Syria. [3 marks – accurate point with development and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Trade
2. Culture
3. Defence
4. Diplomatic support
5. Ideology
6. Environment
7. Economic migration
8. Finance/Banking
9. International Organisations
10. Any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. CHINA
2. Some people are poorly represented in government as they are not in the Communist Party. [1 mark - accurate point with no development]
3. Those living and working in rural areas are poorly represented in national government as they are less likely to be members of the Communist Party. The rural Chinese can take part in local committees but these tend to only focus on local issues and not on provincial, national or international issues. [3 marks – accurate point with development and exemplification]
4. USA
5. Black Americans are not well represented as there are few Black role models in government. [1 mark – accurate but undeveloped point]
6. Black Americans are not well represented as they are more likely to be poor. This tends to mean that they are less likely to run for office. [2 marks – accurate point with development]
7. Hispanic Americans are less likely to be represented in government as there is a much lower participation rate among Hispanics. Some have difficulty as English is not their first language so politics and government is difficult for them to understand. This leads to fewer Latinos being elected to high office such as Governor or Senator. [3 marks – accurate point with development and exemplification]

Credit reference to the following (China)

1. Income/poverty
2. Urban/rural divide
3. Gender – national government still dominated by men
4. Party membership is limited and has restrictions
5. Migrant workers may not be registered and cannot participate
6. Those with anti-communist views or those who support democratic reform are not well represented and are often silenced by the authorities
7. Pressure group activists are not represented especially if they oppose the Communist system

Credit reference to the following (USA)

1. Low paid unskilled work/white collar jobs. Difference in participation leads to difference in representation.
2. Blacks and Hispanics experience social and economic inequality as a result of poverty. Apathetic, no role models, other priorities.
3. Women remain underrepresented as they either do not run for office or are not chosen by the big two parties, despite the fact that women are more likely to vote in presidential elections.
4. Poorly educated are poorly represented and are less likely to vote.
5. Some recent immigrants may not have legal status and may lack representation as a result.
6. Homeless people may be unlikely to vote and lack representation.
7. Any other relevant factual key point of knowledge that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. They can send people to prison. [1 mark—accurate but undeveloped point]
2. They can convict criminals and send them to prison. The Sheriff Court can sentence someone for up to five years. [2 marks—accurate point with development]
3. They can convict criminals and send them to prison. The Sheriff Court can sentence someone for up to five years. However, if the Sheriff feels this is an insufficient penalty they can refer the case to the High Court where a life sentence is possible. [3 marks—accurate point with development and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Fines
2. Community Service
3. Community Payback Orders
4. Curfews
5. ASBOs
6. Electronic Tagging
7. Any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. Drug addiction can cause crime. [1 mark — accurate but undeveloped point]
2. Drug addiction can cause crime as addicts need to pay for their drugs and need to steal to fund their habit. [2 marks — accurate point with development]
3. Drug addiction can cause crime as addicts need to pay for their drugs and need to steal to fund their habit. Those with drug use dependency are more likely to be arrested for crimes such as burglary, shoplifting or for robbery and handling stolen goods. [3 marks — accurate point with development and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Poverty/deprivation
2. Peer pressure
3. Family influence
4. Alcohol abuse
5. Mental Illness
6. Violent media images
7. Homelessness
8. Poor Educational Attainment
9. Social Exclusion
10. Greed – White collar crime
11. Any other valid point that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. The Government has tried to reduce social inequalities by encouraging people to make better lifestyle choices. [1 mark – accurate but undeveloped point]
2. The Government has tried to reduce social inequalities in housing by providing Social Housing to those who need it, to make sure everyone has an acceptable standard of housing. [2 marks – accurate with development]
3. The Government has tried to reduce social inequalities in education by providing free state education. They also reduce inequalities within education by providing free school meals and clothing vouchers to pupils from lower income backgrounds. [3 marks – accurate point with development and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Health: Passing Laws, providing free health care, issuing public guidelines (smoking/exercise/healthy eating).
2. Education: Educational Maintenance Allowance (EMA); Student Loans; Scholarships and bursaries.
3. Housing: Housing benefit.
4. Discrimination: Equality Act 2010, Equality & Human Rights Commission (EHRC).
5. Welfare Benefits: the government provides a huge range of benefits for the elderly, families, out of work, disabled etc.
6. Any other relevant factual key point of knowledge that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

Possible approaches to answering the question

1. Ethnic minorities still face inequality in society because they still face racism in some areas of society. [1 mark – accurate but undeveloped point]
2. Older people still face inequality in society because they face discrimination in the world of work because some employers think they don't have IT skills. [2 marks – accurate with development]
3. Women still face inequality in society because of sexism. Employers, for example, might not want to employ a woman as they think she will need time off to look after her children. This means that women find it more difficult to find suitable work and as a result often work part-time in occupations like cleaning, childcare etc. Many women feel that the glass ceiling still exists which limits opportunities for promotion in their careers. [4 marks – accurate point with development, analysis and exemplification]

Credit reference to aspects of the following

1. Ethnic Minorities: Prejudice, language barriers, poor educational attainment, higher unemployment rates, specific health issues.
2. Older People: Ageism; financial preparation for retirement; previous occupation; family support; changes to benefit system, ie bedroom tax and employability.
3. Women: Sexism; glass ceiling; pay gap; employment in 5C's, child care availability and costs.
4. Disabled: Prejudice; over qualification; lack of work experience; family support network; continuing health issues; reliance on benefits.
5. Lone Parents: Prejudice, family commitments, lack of qualifications, no support network/child care.
6. Unemployed: Stigma of long term unemployment, lack of experience,
7. Changes to the benefit system, the recession.
8. Any other relevant factual key point of knowledge that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

The impact of poverty on a child's life

1. Conclusion – Poverty can have a big impact on a child's health. [1 mark - valid conclusion]
2. Poverty can have a big impact on a child's health. [Mark 1 – valid conclusion] For example, life expectancy for the poorest children is only 71 years [Source 2]. [2 marks - conclusion and evidence from one source]
3. Conclusion – Poverty can have a big impact on many areas of a child's life [1 mark valid conclusion]. Children living in poverty find themselves socially excluded from everyday life [Source 1]. Sixty two percent of poor families cannot afford a week's holiday compared to only 6% of wealthy families [Source 2]. [3 marks - conclusion and information from two sources]
4. Conclusion – Poverty can have a big impact on many areas of a child's health. [1 mark valid conclusion] This is backed up by figures which show life expectancy at birth is 71 years for poor children, compared to 82 years for wealthy children [Source 2]. This is a substantial difference of eleven years. [3 marks - conclusion and information from two sources with evaluative terminology]

The Government's progress towards meeting its targets for 2020

1. Conclusion – The Government will make little progress in the next few years. [1 mark - valid conclusion]
2. Conclusion – The Government has made little progress toward reducing child poverty in the UK [1 mark valid conclusion]. Source 2 shows us that both relative and absolute poverty will continue to increase. [2 marks - conclusion and evidence from one source]
3. Conclusion – The Government will make little progress toward reducing child poverty in the UK [1 mark valid conclusion]. Currently, a quarter of children live in poverty in the UK [Source 1]. Government made a promise to reduce child poverty to 12% for relative poverty by 2020[Source 1] but Source 3 shows it will actually be 22%. [3 marks - conclusion and information from two sources]

UK Poverty rates compared to other Countries

1. Conclusion – UK child poverty rates are higher than most other EU countries [1 mark valid conclusion].
2. Conclusion - UK child poverty rates are higher than most other EU countries [1 mark valid conclusion]. Currently a quarter of children are living in poverty in the UK [Source 1], this is 4% higher than the EU average of 21% [Source 3]. [3 marks - conclusion and evidence from two sources].
3. Conclusion - UK child poverty rates are among the highest in the EU [1 mark valid conclusion]. Only three EU countries have higher rates of child poverty than the UK, these are Romania, Spain and Italy which are all above the UKs rate of 25% [Source 3]. The UK is also above the EU average of 21% [Source 3]. [3 marks - conclusion and evidence from two sources]
4. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).

The level of public awareness of the law concerning social media

1. Conclusion - A minority of people know about the law. [1 mark - valid conclusion]
2. Conclusion - A minority of people know about the law [1 mark - valid conclusion]. This is supported by Source 1 which shows only 1 in 10 know about the law. [2 marks - conclusion and evidence from one source]
3. Conclusion - A minority of people know about the law [1 mark - valid conclusion]. This is supported by Source 1 which shows only 1 in 10 know about the law and by Source 2 which tells us that 75% of people, a clear majority didn't know about the consequences of being offensive. [3 marks - conclusion and information from two sources with evaluative terminology]
4. More than half of sixteen to eighteen year olds believed it was illegal for an employer to check social media [Source 1].

Social media and the workplace

1. Conclusion - Employees now have more rules to follow about the use of social media. [1 mark - valid conclusion]
2. Conclusion - Employees now have more rules to follow about the use of social media. [1 mark - valid conclusion] The Gleninch Council have issued a memo to its employees on the appropriate use of social media during work-time [Source 2]. [2 marks - conclusion and evidence from one source]
3. Conclusion – A lot of working time is being lost due to the use of social media. [1 mark - valid conclusion] The Gleninch Council have issued a memo to its employees on the appropriate use of social media during work-time [Source 2]. This is obviously a problem judging by the increase in the number of hours lost through social media breaks from half an hour to two hours per day [Source 3]. [3 marks - conclusion and information from two sources]
4. Social Media breaks are costing more than smoking breaks [Source 3].
5. Social Media breaks have quadrupled since 2010 [Source 2].
6. Companies now use Social Media to vet applicants [Source 1].
7. The Gleninch Council may sack people for inappropriate use of Social Media [Source 2].

Crime associated with social media

1. Conclusion - There has been an increase in prosecutions relating to social media. [1 mark - valid conclusion]
2. Conclusion - There has been an increase in prosecutions relating to social media [1 mark - valid conclusion]. Source 3 shows a huge increase in successful prosecutions. [2 marks - conclusion and evidence from one source]
3. Conclusion - Crime related to social media appears to have increased in recent years [1 mark - valid conclusion]. Source 2 shows an increase in the number of incidents reported to the police from 2347 to 2703. However, police have said that many of these (two thirds) petty online arguments [Source 1]. [3 marks - conclusion and information from two sources]
4. More and more people are being prosecuted for their online activities [Source 1].
5. Both the number of complaints to the police and of successful prosecutions have increased [Source 2].
6. Any other valid reason that meets the criteria described in the general marking instructions for this kind of question (see column to left).